In vivo phosphocreatine and ATP in piglet cerebral gray and white matter during seizures

Holtzman, David; Mulkern, Robert V.; Meyers, Ron; Cook, Colin U.; Allred, Elizabeth N.; Khait, Igor; Jensen, Frances E.; Tsuji, Miles; Laussen, Peter C.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01268-7

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…muscle [27]). However, in one piglet study, PCr decreased in white matter but (remarkably) increased in grey matter [21], suggesting an overriding open-loop mechanism. These issues are unresolved, not least for want of parallel measurements of flux and concentration.…”

Section: Response To Other Alterations In Atp Demandmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Lactate was increased [99,100] or unchanged [97], while pH was unchanged [11,97,98]. CK flux is reported as increased [11], decreased [21] or constant [96], or any of those depending on age [20]. One could at least say that the PCr decreases reported [11,97] imply a 2-to 3-fold increase in ADP under conditions where EEG intensity show a similar increase [11].…”

Section: Response To Other Alterations In Atp Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In transitions such as activation or acute ischaemia, changes in pH and PCr and/or lactate can be used to measure ATP turnover [17,18], analogous to studies of exercising muscle [8,19]. While changes in [PCr] reflect net flux through creatine kinase, 31 P-magnetisation transfer methods can measure the exchange flux [11,20,21]; this is much higher than ATP turnover rates, and depends in practice largely on [ADP] [5,22]. The steady-state ATP turnover rate cannot be measured directly, but inferences can be made from steady-state concentrations, as in muscle [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Invasive Methods for Studying Brain Energy Metabolism: What They Show and What It Means

Kemp¹

2000

Dev Neurosci

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This review summarises the ways in which magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and related methods can be used as windows on brain energy metabolism in vivo. ³¹P-MRS can measure acute changes in non-oxidative ATP synthesis in transient states, and at steady state reflects the balance of ATP demand and mitochondrial function. ¹³C-MRS labelling methods can measure a variety of carbon fluxes. The few ³¹P- and ¹³C-MRS studies of the response to functional activation suggest quite large increases in oxidative metabolism. Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures the hyperoxygenation that results from increase in cerebral blood flow in excess of glucose oxidation, attenuated somewhat by a smaller increase in oxygen consumption. Previous positron emission tomography studies disagree on the size of activation response. These are powerful but demanding techniques, valuable in understanding both normal physiology and pathophysiology. However, discrepancies remain to be reconciled, and this will require increasing sophistication of both techniques and analytical models.

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Section: Response To Other Alterations In Atp Demandmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Response To Other Alterations In Atp Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Invasive Methods for Studying Brain Energy Metabolism: What They Show and What It Means

Kemp¹

2000

Dev Neurosci

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“…The ST experiment and the CSI were combined in order to measure the CK-catalyzed reaction rates in predominantly gray and white matter slices [19]. The two CSIs comprising the saturation transfer experiment were run sequentially.…”

Section: Nmr Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injecting Cr to rabbit pups at ages between 5 and 30 days increases PCr to adult levels in white matter and above adult levels in gray matter [15]. While the mechanism by which Cr blocks seizures is unknown, recent evidence suggests that the brain CK system plays an important role in regulating ATP metabolism and in metabolic adaptation during hypoxia and seizures [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Creatine Kinase and Creatine Transporter Proteins in Normal and Creatine-Treated Rabbit Pups

Kekelidze

Khait²,

Togliatti³

et al. 2000

Dev Neurosci

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Systemic creatine (Cr) supplementation increases brain phosphocreatine (PCr) and prevents hypoxic seizures in 15-day-old rabbits . Between 5 and 30 days of age during normal development, rabbit gray matter mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) increases 400% while cytosolic CK (BB-CK) increases 60%. In white matter, both isoenzymes show smaller, similar increases (40%) during this period. The Cr transporter protein decreases 60% between 5 and 15 days in both regions. In vivo CK rate constants measured by ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance increase 30% between 10 and 20 days, and then fall 50% between 20 and 30 days in predominantly gray matter slices. Similar maturational changes are seen in predominantly white matter slices. Injecting Cr at 15 days does not significantly change BB-CK or Mi-CK isoenzymes or the in vivo CK reaction rate constants. Thus, the largest change in the CK system associated with suppression of hypoxic seizures in Cr-treated rabbits is increased PCr in gray and white matter.

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Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

Richards¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a technique for producing spatially resolved maps or images of different chemicals that are found in the body or tissue. These chemicals may be naturally inherent or may be introduced by injection, but they must be detectable by the magnetic resonance (MR) process (i.e. they must have nuclei that have a magnetic moment, and are mobile enough to give a free‐induction decay (FID)). The MRSI technique is based on many of the same principles that are used for conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and also uses much of the same equipment as MRI. This chapter focuses on multinuclear applications of MRSI such as phosphorus‐31, carbon‐13, fluorine‐19, sodium‐23, xenon‐129, helium‐3, and boron‐11. The MRSI method is an important technique for noninvasive measurement of biochemical and physiological changes in health and disease.

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In vivo phosphocreatine and ATP in piglet cerebral gray and white matter during seizures

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Non-Invasive Methods for Studying Brain Energy Metabolism: What They Show and What It Means

Non-Invasive Methods for Studying Brain Energy Metabolism: What They Show and What It Means

Brain Creatine Kinase and Creatine Transporter Proteins in Normal and Creatine-Treated Rabbit Pups

Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

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