In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasonography, and histopathology features in a case of chromoblastomycosis

Giraldelli, Gabriela; Baka, Jéssica L. C. S.; Orofino-Costa, Rosane; Piñeiro-Maceira, Juãn; Barcaui, Elisa de Oliveira; Barcauí, Carlos Baptista

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010226

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy offer rapid, noninvasive detection of characteristic abnormalities, aiding in early diagnoses and monitoring disease progression. Dermoscopic findings may reveal dark brown to black pitting, crusting, scaling, and orange-yellow discoloration, with multiple irregular reddish-black pits indicating inflammatory cell and fungal element elimination [ 3 – 6 ]. Reflectance confocal microscopy provides real-time images, visualizing sclerotic bodies as bright white spherical vesicles due to melanin presence [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful management of chromoblastomycosis utilizing conventional antifungal agents and imiquimod therapy

Zheng,

Liu,

Xie

et al. 2024

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic fungal infection affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, is predominantly caused by dematiaceous fungi in tropical and subtropical areas. Characteristically, CBM presents as plaques and nodules, often leading to scarring post-healing. Besides traditional diagnostic methods such as fungal microscopy, culture, and histopathology, dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy can aid in diagnosis. The treatment of CBM is an extended and protracted process. Imiquimod, acting as an immune response modifier, boosts the host’s immune response against CBM, and controls scar hyperplasia, thereby reducing the treatment duration. We present a case of CBM in Guangdong with characteristic reflectance confocal microscopy manifestations, effectively managed through a combination of itraconazole, terbinafine, and imiquimod, shedding light on novel strategies for managing this challenging condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful management of chromoblastomycosis utilizing conventional antifungal agents and imiquimod therapy

Zheng,

Liu,

Xie

et al. 2024

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“…Giraldelli et al found small rounded hyperreflective bodies in the epidermis on in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy examination suggested the transepidermal elimination of muriform cells. High-frequency ultrasound with Doppler shows epidermal thickening, hyperechogenic round structures, dermal fibrosis, and increased vascularization on the same lesion (Giraldelli et al, 2022).…”

Section: Diagnostic Imaging Examsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: an historical review

Borges

Eda

Ianhez³

et al. 2022

Rev Patol Trop

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Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, characterized by a verrucous plaque on the limbs. It mainly affects rural workers in tropical countries. The purpose of this review is to identify how the diagnostic methods used in the propaedeutic of chromoblastomycosis emerged and were developed. The MeSH terms “chromoblastomycosis” or “chromomycosis” or “verrucous dermatitis” and “diagnosis” were used to search articles indexed in MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The description of a first-time-used method in diagnosing chromoblastomycosis or modifications and innovations in an existing technique was the criteria used to deem the article eligible. The first methods described in diagnosing chromoblastomycosis were histopathological examination and culture, which characterizes and defines the disease in the early 20th century. Subsequently, they were described as direct microscopic examination, fine needle aspiration for cytology, electron microscopy, serology, molecular tests, scintigraphy, nuclear magnetic resonance and dermoscopy. Tests based on the direct identification of the fungus through biopsy, culture, or direct microscopy are the oldest and more employed methods for diagnosing chromoblastomycosis. The polymerase chain reaction was introduced in the last few decades and is a promising technique. Dermoscopy of chromoblastomycosis shows blackish red dots and white and pink areas along with scaling. Other techniques, such as serology and skin testing for delayed-type hypersensitivity, have not been incorporated into clinical practice. KEY WORDS: Chromoblastomycosis; diagnosis; review.

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