In vivo release of glutamate and aspartate following optic nerve stimulation

Canzek, V; Wolfensberger, M.; Amsler, U.; Cuénod, Michel

doi:10.1038/293572a0

Cited by 63 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In birds and mammals, retinal input to the visual midbrain is primarily mediated by glutamate that acts on ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, and blocking of these interrupts retinotectal transmission (Canzek et al, 1981;Binns and Salt, 1994;Dye and Karten, 1996;Cirone and Salt, 2000). Because in our experiments the glutamate receptor blocker CNQX completely abolished cellular responses of SGC neurons, we conclude that synaptic transmission at the bottlebrush endings of SGC-I neurons is mediated by glutamate receptors.…”

Section: Glutamate Receptors Mediate Monosynaptic Retinal Inputsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Chattering and Differential Signal Processing in Identified Motion-Sensitive Neurons of Parallel Visual Pathways in the Chick Tectum

et al. 2001

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At least three identified cell types in the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) of the chick optic tectum mediate separate pathways from the retina to different subdivisions of the thalamic nucleus rotundus. Two of these, SGC type I and type II, constitute the major direct inputs to rotundal subdivisions that process various aspects of visual information, e.g., motion and luminance changes. Here, we examined the responses of these cell types to somatic current injection and synaptic input. We used a brain slice preparation of the chick tectum and applied whole-cell patch recordings, restricted electrical stimulation of dendritic endings, and subsequent labeling with biocytin. Type I neurons responded with regular sequences of bursts ("chattering") to depolarizing current injection. Electrical stimulation of retinal afferents evoked a sharp-onset EPSP/burst response that was blocked with CNQX. The sharp-onset EPSP/burst response to synaptic stimulation persisted when the soma was hyperpolarized, thus suggesting the presence of dendritic spike generation. In contrast, the type II neurons responded to depolarizing current injection solely with an irregular sequence of individual spikes. Electrical stimulation of retinal afferents led to slow and long-lasting EPSPs that gave rise to one or several action potentials. In conclusion, the morphological distinct SGC type I and II neurons also have different response properties to retinal inputs. This difference is likely to have functional significance for the differential processing of visual information in the separate pathways from the retina to different subdivisions of the thalamic nucleus rotundus.

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Section: Glutamate Receptors Mediate Monosynaptic Retinal Inputsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Chattering and Differential Signal Processing in Identified Motion-Sensitive Neurons of Parallel Visual Pathways in the Chick Tectum

et al. 2001

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“…Axons ofthe ganglion cells, the only retinal output neurons, enter the optic nerve and project to many structures in the brain, primarily the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus. Ganglion cell depolarization elicits excitatory responses in the target areas, indicating that a primary neurotransmitter is stimulatory in nature (14,15). Despite the importance of retinal ganglion cells, their neurotransmitter has not been definitively established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous adenosine and adenosine receptors localized to ganglion cells of the retina.

Braas¹,

Zarbin²,

Snyder³

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Using specific sensitive antisera against adenosine, we have immunocytochemically localized endogenous adenosine to specific layers of rat, guinea pig, monkey, and human retina. Highest adenosine immunoreactivity was observed in ganglion cells and their processes in the optic nerve fiber layer. Substantial staining was also found throughout the inner plexiform layer and in select cells in the inner nuclear layer. Adenosine Al receptors, labeled with the agonists L-[3H]phenylisopropyladenosine and 1251-labeled hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine, were autoradiographically localized. The highest levels of binding sites occurred in the nerve fiber, ganglion cell, and inner plexiform layers of the retina in all the species examined. The distribution of adenosine Al receptor sites closely parallels that of retinal neurons and fibers containing immunoreactive adenosine. These results suggest a role for endogenous adenosine as a coneurotransmitter in ganglion cells and their fibers in the optic nerve.The purine nucleoside adenosine influences numerous physiological processes, including effects on neuronal communication within the central nervous system. These observations suggest that adenosine may serve a role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. Adenosine and its analogues inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters (1-7) and depress both spontaneous and stimulated neuronal depolarization (8). The actions of adenosine are mediated by two receptor subtypes: high affinity Al receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase activity, whereas low affinity A2 receptors stimulate the enzyme activity (9,10). Immunocytochemical localizations of endogenous adenosine in neuronal perikarya and fibers in discrete regions of the brain (11) support a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role.

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“…In contrast, evidence for the transmitters used by retinal afferents has been less compelling. There is, however, an increasing body of evidence suggesting that L-glutamate and L-aspartate are the putative neurotransmitters used by the retinal afferents in mammals (Canzek et al, 1981;Crunelli et al, 1987;Montero and Wenthold, 1989;Sakurai et al, 1990;Castel et al, 1993). Peptide-containing cells in the ganglion cell layer in the mammalian retina have also been noted, but their identity has not been determined (Brecha et al, 1982;Brecha, 1983).…”

Section: Transient Tk Innervation Of the Dlgnmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transient features of tachykinin peptide innervation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit during postnatal development

Parnavelas

Dinopoulos

Brecha³

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The tachykinin peptide innervation of the developing dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit was studied with immunocytochemical techniques at the light and electron microscopic levels by using an antibody directed to the C-terminal of the mammalian tachykinin peptides. At birth, the rabbit's lateral geniculate nucleus was densely innervated by a large number of labeled fibers. These relatively unbranched axons were dispersed throughout the nucleus but showed a higher density of fiber packing in the external layer of the alpha sector. Over the next three weeks this pattern of distribution changed dramatically. Immunoreactive fibers were gradually eliminated from most of the nucleus, and, by the end of the third postnatal week, they appeared as a narrow plexus deep to the optic tract. At the same time, these axons showed major morphological alterations as they gradually became thicker and developed terminal arborizations characterized by spherical or elongated enlargements. Overall, by the end of the third postnatal week, the pattern of distribution and appearance of tachykinin-labelled fibers in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were similar to those described in the adult rabbit (Brecha et al., 1987). Ultrastructural analysis has shown that during the first week, tachykinin-immunoreactive profiles appeared as round or elongated varicosities making asymmetrical synapses with dendritic shafts throughout the lateral geniculate nucleus. Thereafter, as they were progressively restricted to the external layer of the alpha sector of the nucleus, they began to form multiple synaptic contacts with neuronal processes in complex glomerular neuropil. On the basis of the present and previous findings, we suggest that tachykinin peptides not only play a role as putative neurotransmitters in the retinogeniculate pathway, but they may also play a role in the development of the lateral geniculate nucleus and of the retinogeniculate projection system in the rabbit.

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In vivo release of glutamate and aspartate following optic nerve stimulation

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Chattering and Differential Signal Processing in Identified Motion-Sensitive Neurons of Parallel Visual Pathways in the Chick Tectum

Chattering and Differential Signal Processing in Identified Motion-Sensitive Neurons of Parallel Visual Pathways in the Chick Tectum

Endogenous adenosine and adenosine receptors localized to ganglion cells of the retina.

Transient features of tachykinin peptide innervation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit during postnatal development

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