In vivo rodent micronucleus assay: protocol, conduct and data interpretation

Krishna, G.; Hayashi, Makoto

doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(00)00117-2

Cited by 384 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cyclophoshamide is an atineoplastic agent with alkylating properties, which indiscriminately complexes with DNA among normal and cancerous cells and is inactive until it is metabolized in the liver by mixed function oxidases of the cytochrome P-450 (Valadares, Castro, Cunha, 2007;Rang et al, 2003). The acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide is primarily associated with its genotoxicity Hayashi, 2000). In somatic cells, it provokes gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and exchanges of sister chromatids in a variety of cell cultures with and without the presence of metabolic activation (Monteith, Vanstone, 1995;Elhajouji et al, 1994;Madle et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is recommended for renal lithiasis to help remove small kidney stones but contraindicated for large stones, as well as during pregnancy. Main adverse reactions include diarrhea and hypotension and it should not be used for more than three weeks .Among genotoxicity tests recommended by international regulatory agencies and government institutions, the in vivo Micronucleus Test (MN) in rat bone marrow is widely accepted and recommended to assess and record new chemical and pharmaceutical products that enter the world market (Krishna, Hayashi, 2000; Ribeiro, 2003;Speit, Zeller, Neuss, 2011). This test is frequently used to detect clastogenic agents (which break chomosomes) and aneugenic agents (which induce aneuploidy or abnormal chromosome segregation due to mitotic spindle dysfunction) (Macgregor et al, 1987;Hayashi et al;.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

Queiroz

Matias

Cunha

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), known as "quebra-pedra" (Portuguese for "stonebreaker"), is an herb used for kidney disorders. In light of its frequent use by the population, the present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities of a standardized P. niruri extract in bone marrow rats. Three groups of 12 animals were treated daily by gavage over a period of 30 days, with 50, 150 or 250 mg/kg of P. niruri extract aqueous solution. The control group (n = 12) received tap water. At the end of treatment (day 31), groups were divided into two minor subgroups (n=6/group) and received cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 0.9% (i.p.). After 24 hours, we evaluated the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for each animal (MNPCE) at 1000 PCE. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the PCE/NCE ratio (NEC = normochromatic erythrocytes). General toxicity was assessed during treatment using the parameters of body weight gain, ration and water consumption. The dry extract did not provoke changes in body weight, weight gain, ration and water intake or changes in the frequency of MNPCE or cytotoxicity in bone marrow. We propose that the P. niruri extract used here showed no genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities under the experimental conditions. Uniterms: Phyllanthus niruri L./genotoxicity. Phyllanthus niruri L./toxicological analysis/experimental study. Medicinal plantas/evaluation.Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), conhecida como "quebra-pedra", é uma planta medicinal utilizada frequentemente pela população no tratamento de problemas renais. Foram avaliadas as atividades genotóxicas, antigenotóxicas e citotóxicas de um extrato padronizado dessa espécie em ratos. Três grupos de doze animais foram tratados durante trinta dias, por gavagem, com 50, 150 ou 250 mg/kg/dia de solução aquosa do extrato de P. niruri e um grupo controle (n=12) recebeu água destilada pela mesma via. No final do tratamento os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos (6 animais/grupo) e receberam uma dose única de ciclofosfamida (50 mg/kg, i.p.) ou de solução salina 0,9% (i.p.). Após 24 horas, a frequência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMN) foi avaliada em 1000 EPC. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela relação entre eritrócitos policromáticos e normocromáticos (EPC/ ENC) e a toxicidade geral foi avaliada através dos parâmetros de ganho de peso corporal, consumo de ração e ingestão hídrica. O extrato seco não provocou alterações significativas no peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo de ração em relação ao grupo controle, nem alterações na frequência de EPCMN ou citotoxicidade em medula óssea. Dessa maneira, pode-se concluir que P. niruri não apresentou atividades genotóxica, antigenotóxica e/ou citotóxica nas condições experimentais executadas. Unitermos INTRODUCTIONMedicinal plants and their preparations have been used to treat several illnesses since the dawn of human history and are one of the foundations for healthcare worldwide (AESGP, 1998;Turolla, 2004;Me...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

Queiroz

Matias

Cunha

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Micronuclei (MN) are caused by chromosome breakage and disturbance of the mitotic apparatus (Heddle, 1973;Schmid, 1973;Krishna and Hayashi, 2000). The MN assay, therefore, detects both clastogenicity (chromosome breakage) and aneugenicity (alteration of chromosome number due to chromosome lagging that results from dysfunction of the mitotic apparatus) when performed appropriately (Krishna and Hayashi, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

2001

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We previously reported that both hyperthermia and hypothermia induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells (Asanami and Shimono, 1997a, 1997b. To investigate the effects of temperature on chromosome aberration in vitro, we conducted chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests under hyper-and hypothermic conditions using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. In the chromosome aberration test, we observed positive responses at 40 and 41 for 24 hr, and at 42 for 6 hr and over. In the micronucleus test, we observed positive responses at 31 , 33 , and 40 for 24 hr, and at 42 for 2 hr. The results suggest that in CHL cells, hypothermic conditions can induce micronuclei while hyperthermic conditions can induce both chromosome aberrations and micronuclei.

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“…The significance of the cytological and chromosomal aberrations such as chromosomal stickiness, chromosome fragments, lagging chromosomes, binucleated cells and micronuclei (MN) observed in these studies has been discussed by other authors (Patil and Bhat, 1992;Singh, 2003;Krishna and Hayashi, 2000;Çelik and Aslantürk, 2010). Inhibition of cytokinesis and occurrence of binucleated cells following treatment of root tip cells with plant extracts have been reported (Kaushik, 1996;Gömürgen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity

Asita¹,

Rantsâ€TMo²,

Magama³

et al. 2018

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Hyraceum (HM) is used in traditional medicine in Southern Africa. Three concentrations of HM (mg/ml in distilled water) (0.0156, 0.03125 and 0.0625) were assessed for cytotoxicity (CT), genotoxicity (GT) and modulation of cyclophosphamide (CP)-and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced GT using the Allium cepa assay following 24 h treatment. CP (1.00 mg/ml) and EMS (0.0375 mg/ml) were not cytotoxic but genotoxic. HM (0.03125, 0.0625 mg/ml) and its mixtures with CP or EMS induced significant reduction (p <0.05) of the mitotic index (MI) and were adjudged cytotoxic. HM alone and its mixtures with CP or EMS induced statistically significant genotoxicity (p < 0.05). Mixture of HM (0.016 mg/ml) with CP was not significantly more genotoxic than CP alone (ME 0.57). Each mixture of HM (0.03125, 0.0625 mg/ml) with CP was insignificantly less genotoxic than CP alone with modulatory effect (ME) of -0.14 and -0.01, respectively, which suggested no interaction between HM and CP. Mixtures of HM with EMS induced positive and significant (>2-fold) MEs and each mixture was significantly (p < 0.05) more genotoxic than HM or EMS alone which indicated a synergistic interaction. Sticky chromosomes, chromosome laggards, chromosome fragments, anaphase and telophase bridges, binucleate interphase cells were observed.

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In vivo rodent micronucleus assay: protocol, conduct and data interpretation

Cited by 384 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

Effect of temperature on the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity

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