In Vivo Selection of Resistant E. coli after Ingestion of Milk with Added Drug Residues

Pereira, Richard Van Vleck; Siler, Julie D.; Bicalho, R.C.; Warnick, Lorin D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115223

Cited by 57 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, on the individual calf level, feeding WM regardless of the type of antimicrobial treatment the cow was given led to an increased proportion of QREC in the calf feces. Likewise, WM feeding has been shown by others to increase the shedding of resistant E. coli in feces of calves (Wray et al, 1990;Aust et al, 2013;Brunton et al, 2014;Pereira et al, 2014b;Rebelo, 2014) and when the concentration of antimicrobials in WM is low (Pereira et al, 2014b). The use of fluoroquinolones during the previous 4 mo was low (only 1.2 cases per 100 cow-years) and hence, few of the calves in the current study could have been fed WM from fluoroquinolone-treated cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Risk factors for quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows

Duse

Waller

Emanuelson

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quinolone resistance may emerge in gut bacteria (e.g., in Escherichia coli) of animals. Such bacteria could cause infections in the animal itself or be transmitted to humans via the food chain. Quinolone resistance is also observed in fecal E. coli of healthy dairy cattle, but the prevalence varies between farms, not solely as a result of varying degree of fluoroquinolone exposure. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the fecal shedding of quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from dairy calves and postpartum cows. Rectal swabs from 15 preweaned calves and 5 postpartum cows per farm were collected on 23 Swedish dairy farms to determine the prevalence of QREC. Risk factors for the shedding of QREC were investigated using multivariable statistical models. Quinolone-resistant E. coli were found on all but one farm. Factors associated with QREC shedding by calves were being younger than 18 d, being fed milk from cows treated with antimicrobials, recent use of fluoroquinolones in the herd, carriage of QREC by postpartum cows, and using the calving area never or rarely as a sick pen compared with often. Factors associated with QREC shedding by cows were calving in group pens or freestalls compared with single pens or tiestalls, purchasing cattle, sharing animal transports with other farmers, and poor farm hygiene. Proper biosecurity and improved hygiene, as well as minimizing fluoroquinolone exposure and waste milk feeding, may be important factors to reduce the burden of QREC on dairy farms.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Risk factors for quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows

Duse

Waller

Emanuelson

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies have investigated changes in antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal bacteria of preweaned calves being fed milk (Langford et al, 2003;Pereira et al, 2014b) or milk replacer (Thames et al, 2012) when increasing levels of antimicrobials were experimentally added to the milk diet. Langford et al (2003) and Pereira et al (2014b) both reported increased phenotypic resistance in intestinal bacteria for calves on medicated milk diets, whereas Thames et al (2012) did not observe an effect of diet on genes encoding for antimicrobial resistance in calf feces. However, limitations of these studies included the use of a relatively small number of calves under conditions of artificial exposure to antimicrobials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, limitations of these studies included the use of a relatively small number of calves under conditions of artificial exposure to antimicrobials. Furthermore, Langford et al (2003) and Pereira et al (2014b) only sampled calves for a short period (≤6 wk of age) while on the milk diet. Conversely, Thames et al (2012) sampled calves both pre-and postweaning (wk 6, 7, and 12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to antimicrobials through the milk diet or systemic therapy is associated with a transient increase in antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of dairy calves

Foutz

Godden

Bender

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to describe the relationship between exposure to antimicrobials, through both the milk diet and systemic therapy, and to describe antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli in dairy calves pre- and postweaning. A convenience sample of 15 Minnesota dairy farms was chosen, representing 3 equal cohorts of milk diet fed to preweaned calves: medicated milk replacer (MMR), nonmedicated milk replacer (NMR), or pasteurized nonsaleable milk (PNM). Five newborn calves were enrolled on each farm, with fecal samples collected from each calf at 1, 3, 5, and 16 wk of age. After isolation, 3 colonies of E. coli were randomly selected from each sample to determine antimicrobial susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentration (Sensititer, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) to 8 antimicrobials in 8 classes. The isolate was given an antimicrobial resistance score (ARS) according to the number of antimicrobial classes to which it was resistant. Any isolate resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials was defined as being multidrug resistant (MDR). Relationships between ARS and MDR (dependent variables) and possible explanatory variables were analyzed using mixed multivariable linear and logistic regression models, respectively, with critical P-values adjusted for multiple contrasts. Seventy percent of isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine. For wk 1 and 3, the mean ARS values were greatest for fecal E. coli from calves fed MMR or PNM compared with NMR, with no difference in ARS values between the MMR and PNM groups at either time point. At wk 5, the mean ARS value was greatest for fecal E. coli from calves fed MMR (3.56 ± 0.45; mean ± SE), intermediate for calves fed PNM (2.64 ± 0.45), and lowest for calves fed NMR (1.54 ± 0.45). However, by wk 16, the mean ARS values were ≤1.0 and did not differ among milk diets. Evaluation of the proportion of isolates with MDR mirrored the results of the ARS analysis (MDR more prevalent in MMR and PNM groups preweaning; no difference among milk diets at 16 wk). There was a tendency for an increase in ARS at wk 5 (1.28 ± 0.70), and the odds for MDR in fecal E. coli were estimated to be 5.2 (95% confidence interval = 0.67, 35.7) and 101.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.15, >999.9) higher at wk 3 and 5 if the calf was treated with a systemic antimicrobial within the 14-d period before sampling. These findings suggest that exposure to antimicrobials through the milk diet or systemic therapy may result in a transient increase in resistance in fecal E. coli, but once the antimicrobial pressure is removed, susceptible E. coli are able to flourish again, resulting in an overall decrease in resistance.

show abstract

“…Calves could have acquired drug resistant bacteria and resistant genes from their mothers during birth, from the waste milk used as feed [26,27] or from the environment [8,28], including cross-contamination through farm workers and feeding equipment [29]. Studies have found AMR genes in animals raised without antimicrobials as well [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of treatment with enrofloxacin or tulathromycin on fecal microbiota composition and function of dairy calves

Foditsch

Pereira

Siler

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

16The increasing concerns with antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for studies 17 evaluating the impacts of antimicrobial use in livestock on antimicrobial resistance using new 18 sequencing technologies. Through shotgun sequencing, we investigated the changes in the fecal 19 microbiome composition and function, with a focus on functions related to antimicrobial 20 resistance, of dairy calves. Heifers 2 to 3 weeks old, which were not treated with antibiotics by the 21 farm before enrollment, were randomly allocated to one of three study groups: control (no 22 treatment), enrofloxacin, or tulathromycin. Fecal samples were collected at days 4, 14, 56 and 112 23 days after enrollment, and DNA extraction and sample preparation and sequencing was conducted. 2 24 The effect of antibiotic treatment on each taxon and functional level by time (including Day 0 as 25 a covariate) revealed few changes in the microbiota. At the genus level, enrofloxacin group had 26 higher abundance of Blautia, Coprococcus and Desulfovibrio and lower abundance of Bacteroides 27when compared to other treatment groups. The SEED database was used for functional analyses, 28 which showed that calves in the enrofloxacin group started with a higher abundance of "Resistance 29 to antibiotics and toxic compounds" function on Day 0, however an increase in antibiotic resistance 30 genes after treatment with enrofloxacin was not observed. "Resistance to Fluoroquinolones" and 31 "Erythromycin resistance", of relevance given the study groups, were not statistically different in 32 abundance between treatment groups. "Resistance to fluoroquinolones" increased during the study 33 period regardless of treatment group. Despite small differences over the first weeks between 34 treatment groups, at Day 112 the microbiota composition and functional profile was similar among 35 all study groups. These findings show that metaphylaxis treatment of dairy calves with either 36 enrofloxacin or tulathromycin have minimal impacts on the microbial composition and functional 37 microbiota of dairy calves over time. 38 39 40 42 45and resistance genes are present even in places that were never inhabited by humans [3,4] and in 46 wild animals [5]. However, the use of antibiotics in human and animal medicine, as well as in plant 3 47 agriculture and animal production systems, has resulted in an acceleration in the selection and 48 spread of antimicrobial resistance [1,6]. Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria can be transmitted 49 from livestock to humans through the fecal-oral route, or contamination in the food chain and 50 environment [1,7,8]. Together with prevention of disease and infectious agent transmission, the 51 prudent use of antibiotics is extremely important to preserve treatment effectiveness and decrease 52 the dissemination of resistant bacteria. 53Antimicrobials may be used to control and prevent the spread of the disease in production 54 animals at high risk of developing a bacterial infectious disease. This practice is referred to as 55 metaph...

show abstract

In Vivo Selection of Resistant E. coli after Ingestion of Milk with Added Drug Residues

Cited by 57 publications

References 71 publications

Risk factors for quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows

Risk factors for quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in feces from preweaned dairy calves and postpartum dairy cows

Exposure to antimicrobials through the milk diet or systemic therapy is associated with a transient increase in antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of dairy calves

Effects of treatment with enrofloxacin or tulathromycin on fecal microbiota composition and function of dairy calves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About