In vivo self-degradable graphene nanomedicine operated by DNAzyme and photo-switch for controlled anticancer therapy

Lee, Hyori; Kim, Jinhwan; Lee, Junseok; Park, Hyeongmok; Park, Yohwan; Jung, Sung-Jin; Lim, Junha; Choi, Hee Cheul; Kim, Won Jong

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120402

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based nano-material with a greater biocompatibility compared to heavy metal-based inorganic ones [ 62 ]. It enables modification with biopolymers on their surface through different functional groups and can be degraded by peroxidase enzymes, suggesting its biodegradability in specific microenvironments [ 103 ].…”

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These modifications on a surface of GO are highly desired to achieve degradation after its biological function (i.e., drug delivery), especially at complex in vivo level [ 62 ]. However, such modifications limit the degradability of GO due to the steric hindrance and consequently limited activity of enzymes on its surface [ 62 ].…”

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the ability of some stimuli such as pH, ions and biomolecules to alter the conformation of some DNA sequences, they are an interesting functional domain. For instance, single stranded G4 sequence on the surface of GO forms a quartet structure and becomes DNAzyme by binding with hemin on the GO surface, exhibiting peroxidase effect [ 62 ]. In this sense, Lee et al took advantage of functional DNA and GO features and developed a self-catalytic GO-He-G4-M@DOX nano-system for cancer therapy conducted by a DNAzyme and controlled by photo-switch ( Figure 11 ) [ 62 ].…”

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carboxylic acid of the GO was conjugated with amine-modified DNA, composed by a G4 sequence and its complementary sequence with Mucin1 aptamer for targeted delivery [ 62 ]. Additionally, by intercalation, doxorubicin was loaded on the DNA double strand, whereas hemin was loaded on the surface of GO [ 62 ]. After internalization of GO nano-composite and turning on the photo-switch, the doxorubicin was released by the transition of DNA double strand into single stranded, which was triggered by photo-thermal effect of GO [ 62 ].…”

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G-Quadruplex-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

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G-quadruplexes (G4s) are a class of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) with single-stranded G-rich sequences. Owing to the selectivity of some G4s, they are emerging as targeting agents to overtake side effects of several potential anticancer drugs, and delivery systems of small molecules to malignant cells, through their high affinity or complementarity to specific targets. Moreover, different systems are being used to improve their potential, such as gold nano-particles or liposomes. Thus, the present review provides relevant data about the different studies with G4s as drug delivery systems and the challenges that must be overcome in the future research.

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Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G-quadruplexes Conjugated With Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G-Quadruplex-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

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Precise Subcellular Organelle Targeting for Boosting Endogenous‐Stimuli‐Mediated Tumor Therapy

Zhen

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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to their noninvasive and specific treatment modality from selective irradiation. [1b] However, external energy, such as light, ionizing radiation or ultrasound, is required in these therapies, which obstructs their further development due to the limited penetration depth of the laser, safety concerns of radiation, therapeutic resistance and spatio-temporal constraints of some specific equipments. In-depth exploiting the differences between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and normal organs provides an alternative way that without specific devices. Take full advantage of the TME, endogenousstimuli-mediated therapy is a novel concept in tumor treatment.The TME, mainly composed of tumor cells, vessels, lymphatic vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM), [4] which provides a suitable environment for survival, division, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells. During the growth of tumor tissue, some regions are hypoxic [5] due to abnormal vascularization and inferior blood accommodation. [6] Normal cells can decompose glucose into pyruvate through glycolysis in the cytoplasm under normoxic conditions and the generated pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria and further decomposed into carbon dioxide, [7] which is known as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). In hypoxic tumor tissues, the TCA pathway is restricted due to the insufficiency of oxygen supply. Instead, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid to produce energy with much lower efficiency. This process on the one hand increases the consumption of glucose and pyruvate, and on the other hand increases acidity of the extracellular TME (pH value: 6.5-6.8) due to the secreted lactic acid. [8] Another noteworthy property of the TME is the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). [9] The term ROS mainly includes hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide (•O 2 − ), ozone, lipid peroxides, hypochlorous acid, which often determines many biological responses and metabolic processes within the tumor [10] directly and/or indirectly. [11] Increased expression of ROS-scavenging enzymes and antioxidant molecules could balance the high levels of ROS, which may contribute to the accommodative response of tumor cells to many therapies. [12] For example, glutathione (GSH) plays a vital role in the protection of cells against lectrophilic and oxidative stress as it is engaged in the metabolism and detoxification process of many cytotoxic and carcinogenic species with the oxidation of GSH to its oxidized Though numerous external-stimuli-triggered tumor therapies, including phototherapy, radiotherapy, and sonodynamic therapy have made great progress in cancer therapy, the low penetration depth of the laser, safety concerns of radiation, the therapeutic resistance, and the spatio-temporal constraints of the specific equipment restrict their convenient clinical applications. What is more, the inherent physiological barriers of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including hypoxia, heterogeneity, and...

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Light responsive nucleic acid for biomedical application

et al. 2022

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Nucleic acids are widely used in biomedical applications because of their programmability and biocompatibility. The light responsive nucleic acids have attracted wide attention due to their remote control and high spatiotemporal resolution. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in biomedicine of light responsive molecules. The molecules which confer light responsive properties to nucleic acids were summarized. The binding sites of molecules to nucleic acids, the induced structural changes, and functional regulation of nucleic acids were reviewed. Then, the biomedical applications of light responsive nucleic acids were listed, such as drug delivery, biosensing, optogenetics, gene editing, etc. Finally, the challenges were discussed and possible future directions of light‐responsive nucleic acids were proposed.

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In vivo self-degradable graphene nanomedicine operated by DNAzyme and photo-switch for controlled anticancer therapy

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

G-Quadruplex-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

G-Quadruplex-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

Precise Subcellular Organelle Targeting for Boosting Endogenous‐Stimuli‐Mediated Tumor Therapy

Light responsive nucleic acid for biomedical application

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