In Vivo Skin Characterizations by Using Opto-Thermal Depth-Resolved Detection Spectra

Zhang, Xu; Bontozoglou, Christos; Xiao, Perry

doi:10.3390/cosmetics6030054

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For conductivity levels below C = 500 μS, our tests found the following approximately linear relationship between the readings of the two devices, H (in %) ≈ 0.175 × C (in μS), which enabled a conversion of conductivity readings into hydration percentages. As the measured values of H fall within a range that is consistent with published values of skin hydration, 12,13,[33][34][35] all results of this study are for simplicity presented in terms of the hydration percentage as estimated by the capacitance measuring device.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this study, skin characteristics following irradiations by Er:YAG laser pulses were measured using a technique commonly known as OTR (opto-thermal radiometry), or OTTER (opto-thermal transient emission radiometry). 15,19,34 As opposed to most of the previously published studies, a fast thermal camera was used instead of a single wavelength infrared detector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of tissue desiccation on critical temperature for thermal damage during Er:YAG laser skin treatments

Lukač,

Košir,

Žel

et al. 2023

Lasers Surg Med

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ObjectivesErbium lasers have become an accepted tool for performing both ablative and non‐ablative medical procedures, especially when minimal invasiveness is desired. Hard‐tissue desiccation during Er:YAG laser procedures is a well‐known phenomenon in dentistry, the effect of which is to a certain degree being addressed by the accompanying cooling water spray. The desiccation of soft tissue has attracted much less attention due to the soft tissue's high‐water content, resulting in a smaller effect on the ablation process.Materials and methodsIn this study, the characteristics of skin temperature decay following irradiations with Er:YAG laser pulses were measured using a fast thermal camera.ResultsThe measurements revealed a substantial increase in temperature decay times and resulting thermal exposure times following irradiations with Er:YAG pulses with fluences below the laser ablation threshold. Based on an analytical model where the skin surface cooling time is calculated from the estimated thickness of the heated superficial layer of the stratum corneum (SC), the observed phenomena is attributed to the accelerated evaporation of water from the SC's surface. By using an Arrhenius damage integral‐based variable heat shock model to describe the dependence of the critical temperature on the duration of thermal exposure, it is shown that contrary to what an inexperienced practitioner might expect, the low‐to‐medium level fluences may result in a larger thermal damage in comparison to treatments where higher fluences are used. This effect may be alleviated by hydrating the skin before Er:YAG treatments.ConclusionOur study indicates that tissue desiccation may play a more important role than expected for soft‐tissue procedures. It is proposed that its effect may be alleviated by hydrating the skin before Er:YAG treatments.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tissue desiccation on critical temperature for thermal damage during Er:YAG laser skin treatments

Lukač,

Košir,

Žel

et al. 2023

Lasers Surg Med

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“…where β w is the emission absorption coefficient of water, β d is the emission absorption coefficient of the dry sample. By using segmented least square (SLS) fitting, we can also get the water content at different depths, details are available elsewhere [33][34][35].…”

Section: S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we use machine learning to analyze our own measurement data by using opto-thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER), which is a type of photothermal radiometry technique that has been used in skin hydration, hydration depth profiling, skin pigments, and trans-dermal drug delivery studies [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Compared with other technologies, OTTER has the advantages of being non-contact, non-destructive, quick to make a measurement (a few seconds), and being spectroscopic in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photothermal Radiometry Data Analysis by Using Machine Learning

Xiao,

Chen

2024

Sensors

Self Cite

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Photothermal techniques are infrared remote sensing techniques that have been used for biomedical applications, as well as industrial non-destructive testing (NDT). Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence, which includes a set of algorithms for learning from past data and analyzing new data, without being explicitly programmed to do so. In this paper, we first review the latest development of machine learning and its applications in photothermal techniques. Next, we present our latest work on machine learning for data analysis in opto-thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER), which is a type of photothermal technique that has been extensively used in skin hydration, skin hydration depth profiles, skin pigments, as well as topically applied substances and skin penetration measurements. We have investigated different algorithms, such as random forest regression, gradient boosting regression, support vector machine (SVM) regression, and partial least squares regression, as well as deep learning neural network regression. We first introduce the theoretical background, then illustrate its applications with experimental results.

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“…The electrical method is a way of calculating epidermal moisture from the difference in electric characteristics of the skin by capacitance or resistance measurements [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Moreover, imaging [23,24] or tomographic [25,26] analysis has also been proposed as applications of the electrical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of capacitive-type epidermal moisture measurements using disposable printed electrode films

Iwata¹,

Kusaka²,

Abe³

et al. 2021

Flex. Print. Electron.

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This paper addresses the characteristics of capacitive-type epidermal moisture measurements using disposable electrode films fabricated by a screen-printing method. The disposable electrode films were composed of substrates, comb-shaped electrode layers, and insulating layers. The epidermal moisture measurement obtained higher gain by optimization of the finger width of the comb-shaped electrode layer. The gain and accuracy of measurements were also improved by changing the insulating layer that covered the comb-shaped electrode layer to the striped-pattern type instead of the conventional solid-filling type. This epidermal moisture measuring instrument reduces the cleaning process of the electrode film that directly contacts the skin, simplifies the handling of the devices, and ensures hygienic operation.

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In Vivo Skin Characterizations by Using Opto-Thermal Depth-Resolved Detection Spectra

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of tissue desiccation on critical temperature for thermal damage during Er:YAG laser skin treatments

Influence of tissue desiccation on critical temperature for thermal damage during Er:YAG laser skin treatments

Photothermal Radiometry Data Analysis by Using Machine Learning

Characterization of capacitive-type epidermal moisture measurements using disposable printed electrode films

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