In vivo skin elasticity of 22 anatomical sites

Malm, Mats; Samman, Michael Al; Serup, Jørgen

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.1995.tb00019.x

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pulsing the vacuum to knead the skin around the lancet wound was ineffective in obtaining more blood. Microliter volumes of blood were relatively rapidly extracted from various anatomic sites, which is in accord with the relatively small variations in skin stretching (24) and blood perfusion (38) at the sites studied. Lancing alternative sites minimized pain, in agreement with previous studies (9, 13, 14, 40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Blood extraction from lancet wounds using vacuum combined with skin stretching

Cunningham

Henning

Shain

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Blood extraction from lancet wounds using vacuum combined with skin stretching. J Appl Physiol 92: 1089-1096, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2001.-Key factors and practical limits of blood extraction from lancet wounds on body sites other than the finger were determined by testing a large number of conditions. During these tests, the pain associated with lancing alternate body sites was rated as less painful than a fingerstick 98% of the time. Vacuum combined with skin stretching was effective in extracting an adequate volume of blood from the forearm for glucose testing, up to an average of 16 l in 30 s. The amount of blood extracted increases with the application of heat or vacuum before lancing, the level of vacuum, the depth of lancing, the time of collection, and the amount of skin stretching. Vacuum and skin stretching led to significant increases, up to fivefold in the perfusion of blood in the skin as measured by laser Doppler. Our observations suggest that vacuum combined with skin stretching increases blood extraction at alternate sites by increasing the lancet wound opening, increasing the blood available for extraction by vasodilatation, and reducing the venous return of blood through capillaries. suction; diabetes; diagnostics; alternate site; glucose measurement THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF obtaining small amounts of blood from humans for diagnostic testing is by lancing the finger. The finger is typically lanced because it can be squeezed to expel more blood. People with diabetes lance their fingers several times a day. Whereas the finger can readily supply the volume of blood needed for conventional test strips, 3-10 l (16), the process is painful and results in soreness that can last for several days. Thus the development of painless and convenient methods to access blood for measurement, particularly glucose, has been an active area of research.Interstitial fluid has been accessed by suction effusion (19), transcutaneous microdialysis (12), intradermal pressure harvesting with a cannula (31), iontophoresis (35), and low-frequency ultrasound (20, 26); however, analysis of samples collected using these techniques is difficult because of the small amount of glucose extracted and dilution of the sample. Several mechanical lancet devices have been developed to harvest capillary blood from lancet wounds on sites other than the finger by applying pressure or vacuum around the lanced site (2,13,40). Lancet sticks at alternate sites are virtually pain free, with 60% of the sticks being rated as painless and 90-97% being rated as less painful than a fingerstick (9,13,14,40). Unfortunately, these mechanical devices require multiple manual manipulation steps that may be poorly controlled by the user. We are unaware of studies reporting the amount of blood extracted or factors that may be associated with the successful extraction of blood with the mechanical devices. In a published study, our laboratory reported the distribution of blood volumes obtained from diabetic subjects by vacuum-assisted lancing of...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Blood extraction from lancet wounds using vacuum combined with skin stretching

Cunningham

Henning

Shain

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… and Malm et al. found women to have higher skin extensibility of the extremities compared to men, whereas no gender‐related differences were assessed at the trunk. Salter et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Mechanical properties of human skin in vivo: a comparative evaluation in 300 men and women

Luebberding

Krueger

Kerscher

2013

Skin Research and Technology

158

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anatomical sites studied. These are the same locations where the skin elasticity was studied by Malm et al [23] except the inner side of the upper arm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Narrow-Band Reflectance Spectrophotometric and Tristimulus Colorimetric Measurements of Skin Color

Takiwaki¹,

Overgaard²,

Serup³

1994

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two types of portable reflectance instruments, tristimulus colorimeters (Chroma Meter CR-200®) and narrow-band spectro-photometers (Dermaspectrometer®), have recently become available for the quantification of skin color. In order to know the difference and the relationship between the different color systems, the CIE L*a*b* system and the erythema melanin (E/M) indices, respectively, adopted by the two, the variations in skin color were measured at 23 different anatomical sites of 10 healthy Caucasian male subjects. The reddish tint of the skin color of the face, palm and sole was readily detected by either of them in the increase in the a* value or in the E index, and a strong linear correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) was noted between the two values. The fair color appearance of the trunk was detected in the high L* value and in the low M index, but the correlation between the two was much less significant (r = -0.56, p < 0.001). Although the mean b* values were highest in the trunk, they are significantly lower on the non-light-exposed side than those on the light-exposed side of the arm. The correlation between the b* value and the M index was weak.

show abstract

In vivo skin elasticity of 22 anatomical sites

Abstract: The vertical gradient of skin distensibility was described for the first time. This appears a prerequisite to resist the hydrostatic pressure and influences of gravity. The findings may have important implications in leg ulcer and gravitational syndrome.

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Blood extraction from lancet wounds using vacuum combined with skin stretching

Blood extraction from lancet wounds using vacuum combined with skin stretching

Mechanical properties of human skin in vivo: a comparative evaluation in 300 men and women

Comparison of Narrow-Band Reflectance Spectrophotometric and Tristimulus Colorimetric Measurements of Skin Color

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About