In vivo studies on hepato-renal impairments in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species is an inevitable composite of aerobic systems that could channelize their lethality by imparting oxidative stress under a stressful environment. Cyanide is an important environmental toxicant that could be responsible in the resulting detrimental health issues of aquatic fauna. The present effort investigates the possibilities of hepato-renal damage in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide (NaCN). Fish were exposed to 0.1 mg/L of NaCN for 10 days (E1) and 20 days (E2) and were further subjected to recovery for 14 days (R) in NaCN-free medium. Liver tissue exhibited a significant decline in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymes in exposed fish, unlike in control (C). Subsequent levels of lipid peroxidation elevation at 'E1' and 'E2' suggested oxidative damage to hepatocytes. This was further confirmed through a histopathological evaluation which indicated important findings like lymphocytic infiltration and necrosis in liver and tubular and glomerular degeneration in renal organ. The investigation suggests biochemical and histopathological alterations in fish following exposure to NaCN. Nevertheless, fish upon the recovery period were known to exhibit incomplete recuperation which was indicated by partial restoration tendencies under biochemical and histopathological factions. The study clearly implicated the role of NaCN in emphasizing its toxicity to C. carpio, further suggesting lack of recovery transition at a limited tenure of 14 days. The study might contribute in the course of regulatory surveillance and monitoring of aquatic bodies and may also reflect the possibilities of NaCN contamination during aquaculture practices. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

Assessment of Biochemical Parameters and Histological Study of Spleen in the Wistar Rats Exposed To Cadmium Sulfate

“…Other studies have showed, in the rats exposed to Cd in the presence of zinc, cellular disorganizations, cyto-nuclear atypies and necrosis on the level of hepatic and renal tissuesBerroukcheet al, [14].Also, at Tilapia exposed to cadmium, Piraratet al, [1]haveobserved in spleen, anenlargement of the ellipsoidal tissue, the aggregation of melano-macrophage cells, the vacuolar degeneration and the capillaryoedematosis. The results of our work about the high doses corroborate those ofDavid and Kartheek, [8]who have noted in fish exposed to sodium cyanide, an iron deposit which could be explained by a strong destruction of the erythrocytes in spleen. On the kidneys, Kaplan et al, [23] showed that cadmium has affected particularly the proximal tubule tissues in the treatment of the cadmium intoxications.…”

“…In adult, the spleen forms integral part of the lymphatic system and the vascular system.Its principal functions are immunizing defense by the manufacture of antibody starting from the plasmocytes [8]for the elimination of the micro-organisms coming from blood circulation [9].Also, the spleen takes part in the destruction of the old or abnormal blood cells, it extracts iron from haemoglobin contained in the red globules which it destroys and keeps it in reserve [10]. The spleen eliminates the biliary pigments.…”

Histopathological Changes in the Spleen of Cyprinus Carpio on Acute Exposure of Copper Sulphate.

“…Under normal physiological conditions, the amount of hemosiderin is usually small but when large quantities are deposited they lead to a pathological condition known as hemosiderosis (Takashima, 1982., David and Kartheek, 2015). In the present study also the amount of hemosiderin was increased as the concentration of CuSo4 was increased.…”

Evaluation of rubber seed oil as lipid source in red tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) diet

“…MDA is considered as a common biomarkers of oxidative stress (Arinola, Akinosun, & Oniye, ; Nwani et al, ) related to stress metabolic conditions caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including HCN (Deng et al, ; Fawole et al, ; Nwani et al, ). David and Kartheek () reported that the availability of 0.2 ppm HCN in water had increased MDA in blood vessels. In addition, Deng et al () also reported that 16.7 ppm was followed by 1.8 mmol MDA in liver.…”