In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Lifschitz, Carlos; Carrazza, Francisco Roque; Feste, Andrew S.; Klein, Peter

doi:10.1097/00005176-199501000-00011

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…SCFA production in the large intestine can be observed qualitatively by measuring levels in blood. However, only acetate appears in significant amounts in peripheral blood, although this responds in both time and amount to substrate fermentation in the large intestine (Pomare et al 1985;Lifschitz et al 1995).…”

Section: Fermentation and Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

et al. 1998

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The gut is an obvious target for the development of functional foods, acting as it does as the interface between diet and the metabolic events which sustain life. The key processes in digestive physiology which can be regulated by modifying diet are satiety, the rate and extent of macronutrient breakdown and absorption from the small bowel, sterol metabolism, the colonic microflora, fermentation, mucosal function and bowel habit, and the gut immune system. The intestinal microflora is the main focus of many current functional foods. Probiotics are foods which contain live bacteria which are beneficial to health whilst prebiotics, such as certain non-digestible oligosaccharides which selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the colon, are already on the market. Their claimed benefits are to alleviate lactose maldigestion, increase resistance to invasion by pathogenic species of bacteria in the gut, stimulate the immune system and possibly protect against cancer. There are very few reports of well-designed human intervention studies with prebiotics as yet. Certain probiotic species have been shown to shorten the duration of rotavirus diarrhoea in children but much more work is needed on the mechanism of immunomodulation and of competitive exclusion and microflora modification. The develop-ment of functional foods for the gut is in its infancy and will be successful only if more fundamental research is done on digestive physiology, the gut microflora, immune system and mucosal function.

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Section: Fermentation and Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

et al. 1998

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“…The ratio of 13 Ct o 12 C in breath CO 2 can be measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and by measuring or estimating CO 2 production rate (VCO 2 ); the percentage of the isotope dose recovered in the breath per unit time (PDR), or the cumulative PDR for the duration of the test (cPDR) can be calculated. Assuming that rates of absorption, distribution, and oxidation of the products of 13 C-labeled starch digestion and fermentation remain constant, PDR values can be used to describe the rates and relative extent of the processes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substrate was wheat that had been cultivated in 13 CO 2 to produce flour with an enrichment of 4 atom percent (ap) 13 C, which was composed of 54% starch, 15% protein, and 9% nonstarch polysaccharide (16). After an overnight fast of at least 6 hours, two duplicate baseline breath samples were collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of dietary starch that is resistant is greater in young children than in adults (2,10), which suggests an important role for the colon in energy salvage in early life, but little is known of the magnitude of its importance. 13 C breath tests have been used in infants to measure starch digestion in the small intestine (11) and fermentation in the colon (12,13). Because stable isotopes are nonradioactive, 13 C breath tests are safe, and sampling breath rather than blood makes them particularly attractive for the study of infants (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C breath tests have been used in infants to measure starch digestion in the small intestine (11) and fermentation in the colon (12,13). Because stable isotopes are nonradioactive, 13 C breath tests are safe, and sampling breath rather than blood makes them particularly attractive for the study of infants (14,15). We tested the hypothesis that starch is digested in both the small intestine and the colon, and used mathematical interpretation of 13 C recovery curves to measure the site and relative extent of starch digestion in infants.…”

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Modeling ¹³C Breath Curves to Determine Site and Extent of Starch Digestion and Fermentation in Infants

Christian,

Amarri,

Franchini

et al. 2002

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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BackgroundThe colon salvages energy from starch, especially when the capacity of the small intestine to digest it is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the site and relative extent of starch digestion and fermentation in infants.MethodsThirteen infants (10 male and 3 female infants), median age 11.8 months (range, 7.6–22.7 months), were fed a starchy breakfast containing 13C‐labeled wheat flour after an overnight fast. Duplicate breath samples were obtained before breakfast and every 30 minutes for 12 hours. Breath 13CO2 enrichment was measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and results were expressed as percentage dose recovered (PDR) for each 30 minutes. The PDR data were analyzed and mathematically modeled assuming either a constant estimate of CO2 production rate or adjusted for physical activity.ResultsMean ± SD cumulative 13C PDR (cPDR) at 12 hours was 21.3% ± 8.4% for unadjusted data and 26.5% ± 11.6% for adjusted data. A composite model of two curves fit significantly better than a single curve. Modeling allowed estimation of cPDRs of small intestine (17.5% ± 6.5% and 22.7% ± 9.3% for unadjusted and adjusted data, respectively) and colon (4.6% ± 2.9% and 6.3% ± 5.4%).ConclusionsModeling of 13CO2 enrichment curves after ingestion of 13C‐enriched wheat flour is an attractive means to estimate the contribution of the upper and lower gut to starch digestion and fermentation.

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Starch Digestion in Infancy

Christian,

Edwards,

Weaver

1999

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

Modeling ¹³C Breath Curves to Determine Site and Extent of Starch Digestion and Fermentation in Infants

Starch Digestion in Infancy

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In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function

Modeling 13C Breath Curves to Determine Site and Extent of Starch Digestion and Fermentation in Infants

Starch Digestion in Infancy

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Modeling ¹³C Breath Curves to Determine Site and Extent of Starch Digestion and Fermentation in Infants