In vivo study of subacute oral toxicity of kelulut honey

Abstract

Kelulut honey is favoured for its tremendous nutritional benefits. However, the lack of systematic safety studies leads to it having no quality control or safety guarantee for the consumers. Consequently, the present work was designed to assess the effect of daily kelulut honey consumption. Subacute oral toxicity study was conducted following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 407. Sprague Dawley rats were administered with kelulut honey at the concentrations of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for four weeks, and observed for any changes or toxicity signs following daily consumption. The rats were physically and biochemically analysed, and the serum of highest honey concentration (2,000 mg/kg) consumption underwent metabolite analysis. Histopathology observations on the kidney and liver were also performed. The highest concentration of kelulut honey did not show any mortality or toxicity. Overall, there were no significant differences in all parameters, physically and biochemically, as compared to the control (distilled water), thus indicating the absence of toxicity of kelulut honey daily consumption. It was found that kelulut honey consumption demonstrated generally good health effects, such as in controlling food intake, weight gain, and increasing immune function. The honey’s lethal medium dose surpassed 2,000 mg/kg, thus classified in category 5 according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, which means that it is safe to consume at a high dose.

Nephrotoxicity effect of Ginseng Bugis (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq) Gaertn) leaves ethanolic extract on creatinine, urea, and kidney histopathological features

“…Based on previous reports, male rats have a more stable hormonal system than females. The present work preferred male rats over females in the experiment due to concerns about female hormone cycles causing behavioural variations that could skew the results (Lovick et al, 2021;Mohd Azam et al, 2022). The effect of the extract on serum creatinine and urea levels in all treatment groups is shown in Tables 1 and 2.…”

The Mechanism of Kelulut Honey in Reversing Metabolic Changes in Rats Fed with High-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet

“…The dose of KH given (1.0 g/kg/day) was based on the previous study by Ramli et al (2019) which used a similar dose had shown positive result in reversing metabolic symptoms [ 23 ]. Furthermore, an in vivo study by Azam et al (2022) demonstrated that KH supplementation at doses 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg to rats for 4 weeks did not cause toxicity or mortality [ 62 ]. The author also implied that the medium lethal dose for daily consumption of KH was higher than 2.0 g/kg rats’ BW.…”