In Vivo Tumorigenesis, Osteolytic Sarcomas, and Tumorigenic Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice Expressing the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Viral Oncogene

Lanigan, Lisa G.; Hildreth, Blake E.; Dirksen, Wessel P.; Simmons, Jessica K.; Martin, Chelsea K.; Werbeck, Jillian L.; Thudi, Nandu K.; Papenfuss, Tracey L.; Boyaka, Prosper N.; Toribio, Ramiro E.; Ward, Jerrold M.; Weilbaecher, Katherine N.; Rosol, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.014

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This cytokine plays a primary role in the innate and adaptive aspects of host antiviral and antitumor immune protection, acting in various ways on host and tumor cells to favor tumor regression by generating cellular antitumor immunity, inflammation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, as well as hindering angiogenesis and stimulating antigen presentation through the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II [ 40 ]. Additionally, previous reports showed that IFN-γ results in anti-tumor effector features that might regulate the initiation, development, or spread of Tax-transgenic tumors in mice [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, based upon antibody assays, subcutaneous vaccination with the chimera vaccine promoted a high degree of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes. In mice, Th1 and Th2 immune reactions were found to be connected to the induction of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies, respectively [ 41 ]. This increase in the isotype-specific immune response can play an essential role in eliminating the virus [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice, Th1 and Th2 immune reactions were found to be connected to the induction of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies, respectively [ 41 ]. This increase in the isotype-specific immune response can play an essential role in eliminating the virus [ 41 ]. Moreover, previous reports and our investigation showed that high antibody responses could induce a high protective effect against HTLV-1 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a recent study by Shafifar et al (2022) showed that high antibody production can negatively correlate with the proviral load of HTLV-1 [ 33 ]. Additionally, a study by Kabiri et al (2018) showed that high IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies can induce TH1 and TH2 activation and offer strong protective effects against HTLV-1 infection [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

et al. 2023

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the delta retrovirus family. As a result, a vaccine candidate that can be recognized by B cells and T cells is a good candidate for generating a durable immune response. Further, the GPEHT protein is a multi-epitope protein designed based on the Gag, Pol, Env, Hbz, and Tax proteins of HTLV-1. In developing a suitable and effective vaccine against HTLV-1, the selection of a designed protein (GPEHT) with the formulation of an alum adjuvant was conducted. In this study, we assessed the potential of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate for stimulating the immune response against HTLV-1. In assessing the type of stimulated immune reaction, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes, as well as the cytokines associated with Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), and Th17 (IL-17), were analyzed. The outcomes showed that the particular antisera (total IgG) were more elevated in mice that received the GPEHT protein with the alum adjuvant than those in the PBS+Alum control. A subcutaneous vaccination with our chimera protein promoted high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes. Additionally, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels were significantly increased after spleen cell stimulation in mice that received the GPEHT protein. The immunogenic analyses revealed that the GPEHT vaccine candidate could generate humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions. Ultimately, this study suggests that GPEHT proteins developed with an alum adjuvant can soon be considered as a prospective vaccine to more accurately evaluate their protective efficacy against HTLV-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, genetically engineered mouse tumor models have been established using gene editing. Tumorigenesis can be caused by activation of proto-oncogenes, overexpression of oncogenes, [41] or knockout of tumor suppressor genes [42] . In addition, modification of immune system-related or stromal-related genes can drive or promote tumorigenesis [43] …”

Section: Current Tumor Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids: approaches and utility in cancer research

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2023

Chinese Medical Journal

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Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures with self-organizing and self-differentiation capacities. They faithfully recapitulate structures and functions of in vivo organs as represented by functionality and microstructural definitions. Heterogeneity in in vitro disease modeling is one of the main reasons for anti-cancer therapy failures. Establishing a powerful model to represent tumor heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating tumor biology and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Tumor organoids can retain the original tumor heterogeneity and are commonly used to mimic the cancer microenvironment when co-cultured with fibroblasts and immune cells; therefore, considerable effort has been made recently to promote the use of this new technology from basic research to clinical studies in tumors. In combination with gene editing technology and microfluidic chip systems, engineered tumor organoids show promising abilities to recapitulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In many studies, the responses of tumor organoids to various drugs have shown a positive correlation with patient responses. Owing to these consistent responses and personalized characteristics with patient data, tumor organoids show excellent potential for preclinical research. Here, we summarize the properties of different tumor models and review their current state and progress in tumor organoids. We further discuss the substantial challenges and prospects in the rapidly developing tumor organoid field.

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Spindle cell tumor with histiocytic and myogenic marker expression in the lymph node of a human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 carrier

Kubo

Hirayama²,

Sakihama

et al. 2022

Pathology - Research and Practice

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In Vivo Tumorigenesis, Osteolytic Sarcomas, and Tumorigenic Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice Expressing the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Viral Oncogene

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

Organoids: approaches and utility in cancer research

Spindle cell tumor with histiocytic and myogenic marker expression in the lymph node of a human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 carrier

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