INAA of ancient glass beads from Sungai Mas archaeological site, Bujang Valley, Malaysia

Rahman, Shamsiah Abdul; Hamzah, Mohd Suhaimi; Wood, Abdul Khalik; Elias, M. S.; Zakaria, Kamaruddin

doi:10.1007/s10967-008-9501-8

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This signified that the Indo-Pacific beads a drawn beads and of soda glass type. This data is in agreement to the previous report by Hancock et al (1994) and Rahman et al (2008) that most drawn beads are of soda glass rather than potash glass type. The content of lead also confirms that Sungai Mas beads are Indo-Pacific beads and not lead glass beads which originated from China.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The concentration of silver in Sungai Mas beads samples that have been done by Rahman et al (2008) Table 4 showed lower silver content that is in the range of 1.08-6.96%. The elevated amount of silver is also noticeable from samples of Sungai Mas, in which 17 out of 24 samples consist of silver higher than 5% Rahman et al (2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The elevated amount of silver is also noticeable from samples of Sungai Mas, in which 17 out of 24 samples consist of silver higher than 5% Rahman et al (2008). No Arikamedu glass approaches have these high levels of silver and it showed that Sungai Mas made their own glass beads.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In Table 5, Rahman et al (2008) stated that only one sample (331F) was found to contain higher concentration of iron, while the rest of the sample contained iron of less than 2%. The sample is also higher in manganese that is 3136 ppm or 0.3%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of OC-EO beads involved X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy technique while Sungai Mas beads involved X-Ray Fluorescent Ramli et al (2011) and Neutron Activation Analysis Rahman et al (2008) techniques. X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) were a very useful instrument to analyzed major and trace elements of ceramics, soils, sediement and etc (Sharmin et al, 2010;Hamzah et al, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2011) The type of analytical technique that was employed in this research was descriptive and comparative analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sungai Mas and OC-EO Glass Beads: A Comparative Study

Zuliskandar¹

2012

Journal of Social Sciences

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Problem statement: Sungai Mas, Kedah, Malaysia and OC-EO, Vietnam, was two of the Indo-Pacific beads making centre's in Southeast Asia. The drawn monochrome glass beads or IndoPacific beads industry begun in Arikamedu, India since 200BC was identified by Ptolemy as Poduca Emporium, with the presence of a small colony of Roman merchants. Arikamedu was abandoned by the 3rd century and before it was abandoned, the bead making centre was transferred to three other sites by the 2nd century CE which are Sri Lanka, Klong Thom, Thailand and OC-EO, Vietnam. Sungai Mas served as Indo-Pacific beads making centre by the 6th century CE until 13th century CE. Therefore the objective of this research is to determine from the beads compositional aspect whether beads from Sungai Mas originated from OC-EO or not. This is to prove that Sungai Mas and OC-EO produce their own beads. Approach: The study approach is base on compositional aspect of the beads. Compositional aspects of the beads involve their major and trace elements. Secondary data involved major and trace elements of the beads from Sungai Mas and OC-EO were analyzed based on their percentage of total and concentration. Results: Based on major and trace elements content showed that Sungai Mas beads are differ from OC-EO beads. This can be seen from the high percentage of silica, silver and fluks in Sungai Mas beads compare to lower percentage of those elements in OC-EO beads. Conclusion:The results showed that Sungai Mas and OC-EO produced their own glass beads and they were two of the Indo-Pacific beads-making centre in Southeast Asia beginning from 2nd century CE to 13th century CE.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%