Inactivation of bacterial and viral fish pathogens by ozonation or UV irradiation in water of different salinity

Liltved, Helge; Hektoen, Halvor; Efraimsen, Harry

doi:10.1016/0144-8609(94)p4430-j

Cited by 114 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Inactivation of free-living bacteria by the 2 disinfection methods responded differently to increased particle concentrations, with no or minor differences between biotic and abiotic particles. Previous studies on disinfection of bacteria in seawater use 2 different approaches, either testing organisms in pure culture (Sugita et al 1992, Liltved et al 1995 or heterotrophic communities of bacteria (Liltved & Cripps 1999, Leonard et al 2000, Sharrer et al 2005, Herwig et al 2006, Perrins et al 2006a,b, Masters et al 2008. Reported UV and ozone doses needed to reach a specific inactivation level vary tremendously between these 2 approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low initial TRO concentration (ORP) or insufficient contact time can also contribute to the slow inactivation (Sugita et al 1992, Perrins et al 2006a, possibly making the C ·t value insufficient to describe dose. Liltved et al (1995Liltved et al ( , 2006 showed inactivation curves of fish pathogenic bacteria and viruses in seawater exposed to UV irradiation and ozonation close to and deviating from first-order kinetics, respectively. The inactivation curves levelled off at higher survival for the particle-associated than for the free-living bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

Hess-Erga¹,

Attramadal²,

Vadstein³

2008

Aquat. Biol.

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Disinfection of water is required for a range of applications, including ballast water treatment and land-based fish farming. Bacteria attached to or embedded in particles can be protected from the disinfectant by various mechanisms. We investigated inactivation of marine heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of biotic and abiotic particles. In one set of experiments with the planktonic rotifer Brachionus 'Nevada', water was exposed to increasing UV and ozone dose, and we examined inactivation of free-living and particle-associated heterotrophic bacteria. An estimated 99.9% inactivation of free-living bacteria was obtained compared to only 91.4% inactivation (3 of 4 experiments) of particle-associated bacteria at the same ozone dose. For the UV experiments, a 6-fold increase in disinfection dose was required to obtain 99.9% inactivation of the particle-associated compared to the free-living bacteria. In a second set of experiments we investigated the protective effect of biotic (rotifers) and abiotic (ceramic clay) particles as a function of particle concentration. Increased particle concentration resulted in reduced disinfection efficiency of free-living bacteria with both UV and ozone. Rotifers protected slightly better against UV disinfection than ceramic clay particles, while such a relationship was not evident for the ozone disinfection. The results suggest a complex bacterial inactivation mechanism in the presence of particles, and will have implications for the treatment strategy used for ballast water and land-based fish farming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

Hess-Erga¹,

Attramadal²,

Vadstein³

2008

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Water with a high ORP has a greater capacity to oxidise material in the water column, including suspended solids, bacteria and even phyllosoma when too high. There should be an awareness that, as Liltved et al (1995) highlighted, there is a problem with estimating ozonation using ORP (redox potential), especially under varying water quality conditions, as well as the difficulties in using it to predict bacterial inactivation. In this study, however, where water quality was constant to all experimental treatments, the indirect measure of ORP was satisfactory, regardless of the problem noted by Katzenelson et al (1974, as cited by Liltved et al, 1995 that redox potential increases rapidly with increasing ozone concentration from 0.03 to 0.20 ppm, but at higher concentrations it levels off sharply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonation of seawater improves the survival of larval southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, in culture from egg to juvenile

2006

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Phyllosoma larvae of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, were cultured from egg to juvenile. For larvae reared from hatch to Stage III, survival was highest and bacterial contamination was lowest in seawater ozonated at low and moderate levels (400 and 500 mV oxidation-reduction potential, ORP). By contrast, at high ozonation (600 mV), all larvae suffered deformities at the moult to Stage II and terminally starved, while in unozonated water (about 300 mV), all larvae died at Stage III probably as a consequence of Vibrio bacteria profileration. In a second experiment between Stages VI to VIII, larval survival was highest in ozonated water that had been filtered through activated charcoal and coral sand, compared to ozonated water with no filtration or filtered only through activated charcoal. Ozonated water with the combined filtration was used subsequently but there were ongoing deformities, so the level was progressively reduced from 400 mV at Stage VIII to 330 mV at Stage X, at which time ozonation was discontinued. Larvae were then cultured in unozonated water to metamorphosis of eight pueruli at 377 to 437 days after hatch, of which two survived to juvenile. Ozonation was thus effective up to Stage IX in improving culture water to minimise bacterial disease without problems of larval deformities.

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“…Η αποτελεσματικότητα των δύο αυτών μεθόδων εξαρτάται από την καθαρότητα του νερού και ιδίως από την ύπαρξη διαφόρων συσσωμα τωμάτων, μέσα στα οποία μπορεί να 'κρυφτούν' τα βα κτηρίδια (Sharrer et al 2005). Σύμφωνα με διάφορες αναφορές (David et al 1971;Sugita et al 1992a,b;Liltved et al 1995;Beretta 1999;Meunpol et al 2003;Oemcke et al 2004) και οι δύο μέθοδοι μπορούν να προκαλέσουν μείωση της συγκέντρωσης των περισ σότερων παθογόνων βακτηριδίων των ευρύαλων ψα ριών της τάξης των 3-6 λογαριθμικών μονάδων (CFU), ανάλογα με το χρησιμοποιούμενο εξοπλισμό και το βακτηριδιακό είδος. Βέβαια, όπως επισημαί νουν οι Spotte και Adams (1981), για παθογόνα βα κτηρίδια πολύ μεγάλης παθογονικότητας, τότε ακόμα και η συγκέντρωση ενός βακτηριδίου ml" 1 , αν και χα μηλή, μπορεί να είναι ικανή να δημιουργήσει σοβαρή νοσηρότητα και θνησιμότητα σε μια εκτροφή.…”

Section: τροποι μειωσης της συγκεντρωσης των παθογονων βακτηριδιων στunclassified

Transmission through the water of the bacterial diseases of the euryaline fish cultured in the Mediterranean. Elements of epidemiology and risk factors which concern their spread and transmission of the respective pathogens

Vatsos

Georgiadis²

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Intensive fish culture practiced in the Mediterranean requires fish to live under stressful conditions and high fish densities, something that facilitates transmission and spread of bacterial pathogens within cultured fish populations. One of the most important means of transmission of bacterial diseases of the euryaline fish that are cultured in the Mediterranean is the seawater. The main pathogenic bacteria that infect the euryaline fish species that are cultured in the Mediterranean are: Listonella anguillarum, Photobacterìum damselae subsppiscicida Tenacibaculum marìtimum, Piscirikettsia salmonis, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica as well as various species of the genus Vibrìo, various species of the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus, and species of the genus Mycobacterium. In the natural environment the bacteria, which are usually shed by infected fish, after surviving for some time in the water column and the bottom of the sea can, under appropriate conditions, infect other, cultured or wild susceptible fish. This review presents the published information that concerns the ability of the various bacterial pathogens of the euryaline fish to spread via water. Most of the published information concerning the bacterial diseases of the Mediterranean cultured euryaline fish deal with the characteristics, resistance and means of transmission of the respective bacteria, as determined in experimental studies. This information is very important for the design and application of prevention and control programs for the respective diseases, however, these programs must also consider epidemiological information concerning risk factors that may affect the onset and severity of the diseases. The investigation of risk factors, in analytical epidemiological studies, focuses on characteristics that relate to the pathogen, the host and the environment, which can concern and be measured at the farm level or at any other level of organization of the population. Especially useful in these cases is the determination of management practices which can be related to increased or decreased morbidity or mortality (total or due to specific diseases). In the current study, reference is made to analytical epidemiological studies in which risk factors that may affect the transmission of several fish pathogens, as well as the occurrence and severity of the respective diseases, have been investigated. Although these studies refer to environments outside the Mediterranean, however, they are particularly interesting because they concern infectious agents that are transmitted by water in conditions and culture environments similar to those of the Mediterranean seawater aquaculture. The approach of prevention of bacterial diseases through management of the populations and their environment is particularly important in the intensive culture of euryaline fish, since the methods that are used, today, for the reduction of the concentration of bacterial pathogens in the water have limited application and effectiveness in such systems. At the ...

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Inactivation of bacterial and viral fish pathogens by ozonation or UV irradiation in water of different salinity

Cited by 114 publications

References 20 publications

Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

Biotic and abiotic particles protect marine heterotrophic bacteria during UV and ozone disinfection

Ozonation of seawater improves the survival of larval southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, in culture from egg to juvenile

Transmission through the water of the bacterial diseases of the euryaline fish cultured in the Mediterranean. Elements of epidemiology and risk factors which concern their spread and transmission of the respective pathogens

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