Inactivation of Clostridium difficile spores by microwave irradiation

Ojha, Suvash Chandra; Chankhamhaengdecha, Surang; Singhakaew, Sombat; Ounjai, Puey; Janvilisri, Tavan

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.015

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The C. difficile NIH isolates were obtained from the National Institute of Health (NIH), Thailand. Food and animal C. difficile isolates were previously obtained ( Ojha et al, 2016 ). All isolates were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium at 37°C under anaerobic condition, unless otherwise mentioned.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effect of Asiatic Acid Against Clostridium difficile Is Associated With Disruption of Membrane Permeability

et al. 2018

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Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in Clostridium difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Reduced susceptibility to first- and second-line agents is widespread, therefore various attempts have been made to seek alternative preventive and therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. In this work, the antimicrobial properties of asiatic acid were evaluated against C. difficile. Asiatic acid displayed substantial inhibitory effects on 19 C. difficile isolates collected from different sources with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 μg/ml. Time kill analysis and minimal bactericidal concentration revealed potential bactericidal activity of this compound. Asiatic acid induced membrane damages and alterations in morphological ultrastructure in C. difficile, thereby causing the leakage of intracellular substances. Moreover, asiatic acid also displayed an inhibitory effect on cell motility, but did not interfere with biofilm formation and spore germination. Analysis of drug combination showed no synergistic effect between asiatic acid and vancomycin/metronidazole. Altogether, asiatic acid exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and could serve as an alternative resource for tackling C. difficile.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effect of Asiatic Acid Against Clostridium difficile Is Associated With Disruption of Membrane Permeability

et al. 2018

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“…The microwave disinfection presented the best eco-efficiency performance of several studied technologies for small generators of healthcare waste. In Thailand, the influence of microwave irradiation in addition to conductive heating was studied for inactivation of 15 different C. difficile spores in aqueous suspension, and microwave proved as a simple and time-efficient tool to inactivate the spores [51].…”

Section: Healthcare Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Technologies: An Emerging Tool for Inactivation of Biohazardous Material in Developing Countries

Zimmermann¹

2018

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Inappropriate treatment and disposal of waste containing biohazardous materials occurs especially in developing countries and can lead to adverse effects on public and occupational health and safety, as well as on the environment. For the treatment of biohazardous waste, microwave irradiation is an emerging tool. It is a misbelief that microwave devices cannot be used for inactivation of solid biohazardous waste; however, the inactivation process, and especially the moisture content, has to be strictly controlled, particularly if water is required to be added to the process. Appropriate control allows also inactivation of waste containing inhomogeneous compositions of material with low fluid/moisture content. Where appropriate, especially where control of transport of waste cannot be guaranteed, the waste should be inactivated directly at the place of generation, preferably with a closed waste collection system. In waste containing sufficient moisture, there are direct useful applications, for example the treatment of sewage sludge or human feces. A number of examples of microwave applications with impacts for developing countries are presented in this review. In respect to energy costs and environmental aspects, microwave devices have clear advantages in comparison to autoclaves.

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“…C. difficile infections have increased in recent years, and one third of these are community acquired (Lessa, ; McFee & Abdelsayed, ). C. difficile is considered to be a major nosocomial pathogen causing clinical manifestations ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis (Ojha, Chankhamhaengdecha, Singhakaew, Ounjai, & Janvilisri, ). The incidence and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing in several countries, expanding its cases to nonhospital and community‐acquired settings (Lessa, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing in several countries, expanding its cases to nonhospital and community‐acquired settings (Lessa, ). C. difficile spores serve as a reservoir for disease transmission as they are highly resistant to extreme physical conditions including heat, pH, and chemical treatments such as alcohol, antimicrobials, and disinfectants (Ojha et al, ). Recent data speculate that consumption of contaminated food, interspecies transmission from environmental sources, and some levels of host adaptation could attribute to changing epidemiology of C. difficile infection in humans (Hoover & Rodriguez‐Palacios, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they reported that heating of food to temperatures above 85 C would be necessary to inactivate viable spores of C. difficile. More recently, Redondo-Solano, Burson, and Thippareddi (2016) reported much higher thermal resistance for three hypervirulent and one nonvirulent strains of C. difficile spores ranging from 22.14 h at 70 C to 4.93 min at 70 to 90 C. Microwave heating (Malyshev, Williams, Lees, Baillie, & Porch, 2019;Ojha et al, 2016), high pressure treatment (Doona et al, 2016), and use of electrolyzed water (Tkhawkho, Jackson, Nitzan, & Peretz, 2017) have also been proposed for destruction of C. difficile spores.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of thermal destruction kinetics of Clostridium difficile spores (ATCC 17857) in lean ground beef with first‐order/Weibull modeling considerations

Arora

Oudit

Austin

et al. 2019

J Food Process Engineering

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Thermal destruction kinetics of spores of Clostridium difficile ATCC 17857 was evaluated between 74 and 82°C and characterized using the first‐order log‐linear and Weibull models. Computed decimal reduction times using the first‐order model ranged from 4.39 min at 82°C to 146 min at 74°C, with a z value of 5.17°C. Thermal destruction data were also analyzed using the Weibull model. Based on regression, the predicted one‐D value (first‐order model) and the reliable life (tR) (Weibull model) were 3.86 and 4.05 min at 82°C and 136 and 165 min at 74°C, respectively, indicating the Weibull model to be more conservative yielding higher decimal reduction time values. However, when extended to achieve 2.5, 4, and 6 decimal reductions in C. difficile spores, the calculated process times were more conservative with the first‐order model than with the Weibull model. Moreover, within the experimental range, when data for both models could be compared, predictions from the first‐order model were much closer to the experimental values. Therefore, when used for process calculation for 2.5 or higher log reductions, the first‐order model would give more conservative and safer process times. The study provides destruction kinetics data for C. difficile under a range of temperature conditions. Practical Applications Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. C. difficile infection is the leading cause of gastroenteritis‐associated death. C. difficile infections have been increasing in recent years, and therefore warrant appropriate remedial measures. Thermal inactivation is the most common method for pathogen control, and often the cooking practices are adjusted to a level pre‐established to make the foods pathogen free. Available information on thermal destruction kinetics is scarce, and therefore the data generated here should be of significant importance for safety considerations.

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Inactivation of Clostridium difficile spores by microwave irradiation

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Antimicrobial Effect of Asiatic Acid Against Clostridium difficile Is Associated With Disruption of Membrane Permeability

Antimicrobial Effect of Asiatic Acid Against Clostridium difficile Is Associated With Disruption of Membrane Permeability

Microwave Technologies: An Emerging Tool for Inactivation of Biohazardous Material in Developing Countries

Evaluation of thermal destruction kinetics of Clostridium difficile spores (ATCC 17857) in lean ground beef with first‐order/Weibull modeling considerations

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