Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on surface-uninjured and -injured green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by chlorine dioxide gas as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy

Effects of process severity on survival and growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua on minimally processed vegetables

“…Recent studies have shown that E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella chester attach mainly to the surfaces of cut tissue in green peppers and rarely to the unbroken skin. Treatment with chlorine dioxide gas or trisodium phosphate had a lesser effect on bacterial cells that were attached to cut surfaces than on cells that were found on uninjured surfaces of the peppers (Han et al, 2000a;Han et al, 2000b;Liao & Cooke, 2001). E. coli O157:H7 and S. chester have also been shown to attach more firmly or preferentially to the injured tissue of apple fruits (Burnett, Chen, & Beuchat, 2000;Liao & Sapers, 2000 ) again providing some protection from disinfection treatments.…”

“…Bacteria located in these sites may be protected from disinfection treatments. Several studies (Han, Linton, Nielsen, & Nelson, 2000a;Han, Sherman, Linton, Nielsen, & Nelson, 2000b;Liao & Cooke, 2001;Liao & Sapers, 2000;Seo & Frank, 1999;Takeuchi & Frank, 2001) have identified that the efficacy of various disinfectant treatments depend on the nature of bacterial attachment. It is important therefore, to understand the interactions between food borne pathogens and plant structure so that procedures for more effective disinfection can be put in place.…”

Indirect immunofluorescence detection of E. coli O157:H7 with fluorescent silica nanoparticles

“…This process is laborious and timeconsuming. Many methods have been developed for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Anderson et al, 2000;Fitzmaurice et al, 2004;Ibekwe and Grieve, 2003;Deng et al, 2014), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (Sunwoo et al, 2006;Bennet et al, 1996;Lee, et al, 2012), fluorescent labeling (Tison, 1990;Regnault et al, 2000;Han et al, 2000;Zhao et al, 2004b;Hahn et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2013;Carrión and Simonet, 2011;Amin and Elfeky, 2013) and amperometric immunosensor , etc. Among them, fluorescent labeling is a very common method to visualize biological cells and various techniques used to detect the presence of bacterial pathogens have been performed on the basis of this method using fluorophores such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).…”

Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial fruit and vegetable sanitizer to vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis

“…Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) in gaseous or aqueous forms is among the sanitizers with demonstrated efficacy in killing vegetative cells and spores of food borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms [2,11,12,16,20,21,27]. Young and Setlow [29] showed that although B. subtilis spores treated with ClO 2 can undergo initial steps of germination, outgrowth does not occur, probably because of some type of membrane damage.…”