Inactivation of HIV by application of heat and radiation: Implication in bone banking with irradiated allograft bone

Hernigou, Philippe; Gras, Gabriel; Marinello, G.; Dormont, Dominique

doi:10.1080/000164700317381225

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…. Similar trends have been observed from bonetendon-bone allografts in which the maximum stress decreased by 37% for those irradiated at 40 kGy, 68% at 60 kGy and 76% at 80 kGy (Salehpour et al 1995); whereas lower doses of 20 and 30 kGy reduced the ultimate strength by 11-27% compared with controls (Gibbons et al 1991;Hernigou et al 2000). Increasing the gamma dose with numerous small increments shows that this relationship is non-linear with a dose of 27 kGy causing a reduction in strength of 20%, but a dose of 37 kGy causing a reduction of 65% (Loty et al 1990).…”

Section: Dose-dependent Effect Of Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The use of ''standard dose'' has varied from 25-35 kGy, with some authors adopting 25-30 kGy (Cornu et al 2000;Currey et al 1997;Hamer et al 1996;Smith et al 1996), but others reporting even higher ''standard'' doses (Akkus and Rimnac 2001;Dziedzic-Goclawska et al 1991). The higher doses adopted are those expected to eliminate viral infection, with doses ranging from 40 to 50, 60 and even 94 kGy (Campbell and Li 1999;Currey et al 1997;Hernigou et al 2000). This is because the D10 value of HIV virus was very different among studies.…”

Section: Confounding Variables For Interpretation Of Biomechanical Stmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Sterilization of allograft bone: effects of gamma irradiation on allograft biology and biomechanics

Nguyen

Morgan

Forwood

2006

Cell Tissue Banking

228

170

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Gamma irradiation from Cobalt 60 sources has been used to terminally sterilize bone allografts for many years. Gamma radiation adversely affects the mechanical and biological properties of bone allografts by degrading the collagen in bone matrix. Specifically, gamma rays split polypeptide chains. In wet specimens irradiation causes release of free radicals via radiolysis of water molecules that induces cross-linking reactions in collagen molecules. These effects are dose dependent and give rise to a dose-dependent decrease in mechanical properties of allograft bone when gamma dose is increased above 25 kGy for cortical bone or 60 kGy for cancellous bone. But at doses between 0 and 25 kGy (standard dose), a clear relationship between gamma dose and mechanical properties has yet to be established. In addition, the effects of gamma radiation on graft remodelling have not been intensively investigated. There is evidence that the activity of osteoclasts is reduced when they are cultured onto irradiated bone slices, that peroxidation of marrow fat increases apoptosis of osteoblasts; and that bacterial products remain after irradiation and induce inflammatory bone resorption following macrophage activation. These effects need considerably more investigation to establish their relevance to clinical outcomes. International consensus on an optimum dose of radiation has not been achieved due to a wide range of confounding variables and individual decisions by tissue banks. This has resulted in the application of doses ranging from 15 to 35 kGy. Here, we provide a critical review on the effects of gamma irradiation on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone.

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Section: Dose-dependent Effect Of Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Confounding Variables For Interpretation Of Biomechanical Stmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sterilization of allograft bone: effects of gamma irradiation on allograft biology and biomechanics

Nguyen

Morgan

Forwood

2006

Cell Tissue Banking

228

170

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“…The use of an allograft is suffering from limited sources and the possibility of the transmission of diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 2 As synthetic biomaterial, hydroxyapatite shows superb biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, but low absorption after long-term implantation. 3 Other synthetic biomaterials used to build three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering are, for instance, the biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic) acid (PGA), and their copolymer poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLAGA), where mineralization of the extracellular matrix by osteoblasts has been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcified Matrix Production by SAOS-2 Cells Inside a Polyurethane Porous Scaffold, Using a Perfusion Bioreactor

et al. 2005

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The repair and regeneration of damaged or resected bone are problematic. Bone autografts show optimal skeletal incorporation, but often bring about complications. Hence, there is increasing interest in designing new biomaterials that could potentially be used in the form of scaffolds as bone substitutes. In this study we used a hydrophobic cross-linked polyurethane in a typical tissue-engineering approach, that is, the seeding and in vitro culturing of cells within a porous scaffold. The polyurethane porous scaffold had an average pore diameter of 624 microm. Using a perfusion bioreactor, we investigated the effect of shear stress on SAOS-2 human osteoblast proliferation and calcified matrix production. The physical, morphological, and compressive properties of the polyurethane foam were characterized. At a scaffold perfusion rate of 3 mL/min, in comparison with static conditions without perfusion, we observed 33% higher cell proliferation; higher secretion of osteopontin, osteocalcin, decorin, and type I collagen (9.16-fold, 71.9-fold, 30.6-fold, and 18.12-fold, respectively); and 10-fold increased calcium deposition. The design of the bioreactor and the design of the polyurethane foam aimed at obtaining cell colonization and calcified matrix deposition. This cultured biomaterial could be used, in clinical applications, as an osteoinductive implant for bone repair.

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“…Gamma irradiation has been widely used for (terminal) sterilization of bone allografts due to its efficacy in preventing transmission of both bacteria (Angermann andJepsen 1991, Hilmy et al 2000) and viruses (Hernigou et al 2000, Smith et al 2001). Due to changes in mechanical properties of bone by gamma irradiation, it has been used with some caution in clinical practice-especially in load-bearing applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Irradiation has no effect on the incorporation of impacted morselized bone: A bone chamber study in goats

2007

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Background Gamma irradiation has been widely used for sterilization of bone allografts. However, gamma irradiation alters proteins. This is favorable when it reduces immunogenicity, but is undesirable when osteoinductive proteins are damaged. Although the effect of gamma irradiation on BMPs has been studied, the effect of irradiation on the process of incorporation of morselized bone chips remains unclear. We studied the effects of sterilization by gamma irradiation on the incorporation of impacted morselized allografts.Methods Bone chambers with impacted allografts, rinsed impacted allografts, allografts that were rinsed and subsequently irradiated, and an empty control were implanted in proximal medial tibiae of goats. Incorporation was evaluated using histology and histomorphometry.Results Histology revealed evidence of bone graft incorporation, which proceeded in a similar way in unprocessed, rinsed, and both rinsed and irradiated bone grafts. After 12 weeks, no difference in bone and tissue ingrowth was found between the unprocessed, the rinsed, and the rinsed and subsequently irradiated allografts. The amount of unresorbed graft remnant was highest in the unprocessed bone grafts.Interpretation We conclude that sterilization with gamma irradiation does not influence the incorporation of impacted rinsed bone allografts.

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Inactivation of HIV by application of heat and radiation: Implication in bone banking with irradiated allograft bone

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Sterilization of allograft bone: effects of gamma irradiation on allograft biology and biomechanics

Sterilization of allograft bone: effects of gamma irradiation on allograft biology and biomechanics

Calcified Matrix Production by SAOS-2 Cells Inside a Polyurethane Porous Scaffold, Using a Perfusion Bioreactor

Irradiation has no effect on the incorporation of impacted morselized bone: A bone chamber study in goats

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