Inactivation of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i>
 in reconstituted infant formula by combination of thymoquinone and mild heat

Shi, Chao; Jia, Zhenyuan; Chen, Yifei; Yang, Miaochun; Liu, Xin; Sun, Yi; Zheng, Zhiwei; Zhang, Xiaorong; Song, Kaikuo; Chen, Lu; Baloch, Allah Bux; Xia, Xiaodong

doi:10.1111/jam.12964

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cell membrane integrity was determined according to the method described by Alakomi et al with slight modification [ 20 ], using the LIVE/DEAD ® Bac Light ™ Bacterial Viability Kit (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). The overnight culture of C .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of Citral against Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2016

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Citral is a flavor component that is commonly used in food, beverage and fragrance industries. Cronobacter sakazakii is a food-borne pathogen associated with severe illness and high mortality in neonates and infants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial effect of citral against C. sakazakii strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of citral against C. sakazakii was determined via agar dilution method, then Gompertz models were used to quantitate the effect of citral on microbial growth kinetics. Changes in intracellular pH (pHin), membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentration, and membrane integrity were measured to elucidate the possible antimicrobial mechanism. Cell morphology changes were also examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The MICs of citral against C. sakazakii strains ranged from 0.27 to 0.54 mg/mL, and citral resulted in a longer lag phase and lower growth rate of C. sakazakii compared to the control. Citral affected the cell membrane of C. sakazakii, as evidenced by decreased intracellular ATP concentration, reduced pHin, and cell membrane hyperpolarization. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed that C. sakazakii cell membranes were damaged by citral. These findings suggest that citral exhibits antimicrobial effect against C. sakazakii strains and could be potentially used to control C. sakazakii in foods. However, how it works in food systems where many other components may interfere with its efficacy should be tested in future research before its real application.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of Citral against Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2016

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“…The QS indicator strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (ATCC) was used for QS inhibition assays 54 . All C. sakazakii strains were grown and prepared as described before 55 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii Virulence Factors by Citral

Shi

Sun

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen associated with fatal forms of necrotizing enterocolitis, meningitis and sepsis in neonates and infants. The aim of this study was to determine whether citral, a major component of lemongrass oil, could suppress putative virulence factors of C. sakazakii that contribute to infection. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of citral significantly decreased motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and endotoxin production. Citral substantially reduced the adhesion and invasion of C. sakazakii to Caco-2 cells and decreased bacterial survival and replication within the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Citral also repressed the expression of eighteen genes involved in the virulence. These findings suggest that citral has potential to be developed as an alternative or supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by C. sakazakii.

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“…A recent report (Sharma et al, 2016) showed that TQ has synergistic antimicrobial activity with other essential oil components (cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and eugenol) against both planktonic and biofilm-associated Staphylococcus epidermidis . Shi et al (2015) also demonstrated that TQ shows antimicrobial activity against Cronobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibitory Effect of Thymoquinone on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 Biofilm Formation and Virulence Attributes Critical for Human Infection

Miao

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of thymoquinone (TQ) against Listeria monocytogenes , and to examine its inhibitory effects on biofilm formation, motility, hemolysin production, and attachment-invasion of host cells. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TQ against eight different L. monocytogenes strains ranged from 6.25—12.50 μg/mL. Crystal violet staining showed that TQ clearly reduced biofilm biomass at sub-MICs in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that TQ inhibited biofilm formation on glass slides and induced an apparent collapse of biofilm architecture. At sub-MICs, TQ effectively inhibited the motility of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115, and significantly impacted adhesion to and invasion of human colon adenocarcinoma cells as well as the secretion of listeriolysin O. Supporting these findings, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that TQ down-regulated the transcription of genes associated with motility, biofilm formation, hemolysin secretion, and attachment-invasion in host cells. Overall, these findings confirm that TQ has the potential to be used to combat L. monocytogenes infection.

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Inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula by combination of thymoquinone and mild heat

Abstract: These findings suggested that TQ, together with mild heat, may have potential application in infant formula to control C. sakazakii before consumption and therefore is a possible way to prevent infections associated with C. sakazakii in infant formula.

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of Citral against Cronobacter sakazakii

Antimicrobial Activity and Possible Mechanism of Action of Citral against Cronobacter sakazakii

Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii Virulence Factors by Citral

Inhibitory Effect of Thymoquinone on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 Biofilm Formation and Virulence Attributes Critical for Human Infection

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