“…DI water (18.2 MΩ•cm at 25 • C) was produced by a Direct-Q 3UV (Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) system. To compare the performance of the developed AALCA to commonly used plasma sources, DI water was treated using AALCA, a commercially available NEAPPJ (PN-110/120TPG, NU Global Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan) [40], and a high-density nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure radical source (NEAPRS, Tough Plasma FPA10, Fuji MFG Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) [4,31,41].…”