Inactivation of<i>Streptomyces</i>phage ɸC31 by 405 nm light

Tomb, Rachael; Maclean, Michelle; Herron, Paul; Hoskisson, Paul A.; MacGregor, S.J.; Anderson, John G.

doi:10.4161/bact.32129

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Further, blue-light inactivation of FCV was also enhanced in organically-rich media: culture medium with fetal bovine serum (4.8 log reduction at 421 J/cm 2 ), artificial saliva (5.1 log at 421 J/cm 2 ), blood plasma (4.8 log at 561 J/cm 2 ), and artificial feces (4.5 log at 1400 J/cm 2 ) [ 196 ]. Similar results were obtained for bacteriophage ϕC31, with viral inactivation in proteinaceous and porphyrin-rich media being higher than in minimum media—viral counts in treated minimum media was still significantly ( p < 0.05) lower than untreated controls [ 197 ].…”

Section: Virucidal Properties Of Blue Lightsupporting

confidence: 68%

Control Measures for SARS-CoV-2: A Review on Light-Based Inactivation of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus classified in the family Coronaviridae. In this review, we summarize the literature on light-based (UV, blue, and red lights) sanitization methods for the inactivation of ssRNA viruses in different matrixes (air, liquid, and solid). The rate of inactivation of ssRNA viruses in liquid was higher than in air, whereas inactivation on solid surfaces varied with the type of surface. The efficacy of light-based inactivation was reduced by the presence of absorptive materials. Several technologies can be used to deliver light, including mercury lamp (conventional UV), excimer lamp (UV), pulsed-light, and light-emitting diode (LED). Pulsed-light technologies could inactivate viruses more quickly than conventional UV-C lamps. Large-scale use of germicidal LED is dependent on future improvements in their energy efficiency. Blue light possesses virucidal potential in the presence of exogenous photosensitizers, although femtosecond laser (ultrashort pulses) can be used to circumvent the need for photosensitizers. Red light can be combined with methylene blue for application in medical settings, especially for sanitization of blood products. Future modelling studies are required to establish clearer parameters for assessing susceptibility of viruses to light-based inactivation. There is considerable scope for improvement in the current germicidal light-based technologies and practices.

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Section: Virucidal Properties Of Blue Lightsupporting

confidence: 68%

Control Measures for SARS-CoV-2: A Review on Light-Based Inactivation of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

et al. 2020

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“…In marked contrast, UVC can be applied to a PLT storage bag only once owing to its adverse effects on PLT activation and survival . However, whether aBL can be effective in viral decontamination of PLTs remains to be determined, although antiviral activity of 405 nm aBL has been shown . aBL was also shown to be sufficient in bacterial decontamination of ex vivo stored plasma , but it may not be suitable for decontaminating full‐size blood components or red blood cells because red blood cells contain hemoglobin that can absorb blue light and may generate significant heat upon aBL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial blue light for decontamination of platelets during storage

Lü

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Platelet (PLT) storage is currently limited to 5 days in clinics in the United States, in part, due to an increasing risk for microbial contamination over time. In light of well‐documented antimicrobial activity of blue light (405‐470 nm), we investigated potentials to decontaminate microbes during PLT storage by antimicrobial blue light (aBL). We found that PLTs produced no detectable levels of porphyrins or their derivatives, the chromophores that specifically absorb blue light, in marked contrast to microbes that generated porphyrins abundantly. The difference formed a basis with which aBL selectively inactivated contaminated microbes prior to and during the storage, without incurring any harm to PLTs. In accordance with this, when contamination with representative microbes was simulated in PLT concentrates supplemented with 65% of PLT additive solution in a standard storage bag, all “contaminated” microbes tested were completely inactivated after exposure of the bag to 405 nm aBL at 75 J/cm2 only once. While killing microbes efficiently, this dose of aBL irradiation exerted no adverse effects on the viability, activation or aggregation of PLTs ex vivo and could be used repeatedly during PLT storage. PLT survival in vivo was also unaltered by aBL irradiation after infusion of aBL‐irradiated mouse PLTs into mice. The study provides proof‐of‐concept evidence for a potential of aBL to decontaminate PLTs during storage.

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“…A previous study by Murdoch et al [ 43 ], also demonstrated that bacteria can be more susceptible to inactivation when exposed whilst dried onto surfaces and in a desiccated state, and it is reasonable to consider that this increased susceptibility when on surfaces is likely to reduce the likelihood of persistent survival and tolerance/resistance. In addition, if the bacteria are present in biological fluids or embedded in a biological matrix then the inactivation effect could be enhanced by the excitation of photosensitive components present in the biological fluids or matrix (which accelerates the production of ROS) [ 10 , 11 ]. Conversely it must also be considered that inactivation efficacy of the 405 nm light could be hindered by the opaque transmission properties of the suspending fluid/matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the potential for resistance to antimicrobial violet-blue light in Staphylococcus aureus

Tomb

Maclean

Coia

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundAntimicrobial violet-blue light in the region of 405 nm is emerging as an alternative technology for hospital decontamination and clinical treatment. The mechanism of action is the excitation of endogenous porphyrins within exposed microorganisms, resulting in ROS generation, oxidative damage and cell death. Although resistance to 405 nm light is not thought likely, little evidence has been published to support this. This study was designed to establish if there is potential for tolerance development, using the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus as the model organism.MethodsThe first stage of this study investigated the potential for S. aureus to develop tolerance to high-intensity 405 nm light if pre-cultured in low-level stress violet-blue light (≤1 mW/cm2) conditions. Secondly, the potential for tolerance development in bacteria subjected to repeated sub-lethal exposure was compared by carrying out 15 cycles of exposure to high-intensity 405 nm light, using a sub-lethal dose of 108 J/cm2. Inactivation kinetics and antibiotic susceptibility were also compared.ResultsWhen cultured in low-level violet-blue light conditions, S. aureus required a greater dose of high-intensity 405 nm light for complete inactivation, however this did not increase with multiple (3) low-stress cultivations. Repeated sub-lethal exposures indicated no evidence of bacterial tolerance to 405 nm light. After 15 sub-lethal exposures 1.2 and 1.4 log10 reductions were achieved for MSSA and MRSA respectively, which were not significantly different to the initial 1.3 log10 reductions achieved (P = 0.242 & 0.116, respectively). Antibiotic susceptibility was unaffected, with the maximum change in zone of inhibition being ± 2 mm.ConclusionsRepeated sub-lethal exposure of non-proliferating S. aureus populations did not affect the susceptibility of the organism to 405 nm light, nor to antibiotics. Culture in low-level violet-blue light prior to 405 nm light exposure may increase oxidative stress responses in S. aureus, however, inactivation still occurs and results demonstrate that this is unlikely to be a selective process. These results demonstrate that tolerance from repeated exposure is unlikely to occur, and further supports the potential development of 405 nm light for clinical decontamination and treatment applications.

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Inactivation ofStreptomycesphage ɸC31 by 405 nm light

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Control Measures for SARS-CoV-2: A Review on Light-Based Inactivation of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

Control Measures for SARS-CoV-2: A Review on Light-Based Inactivation of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses

Antimicrobial blue light for decontamination of platelets during storage

Assessment of the potential for resistance to antimicrobial violet-blue light in Staphylococcus aureus

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