Inactivation of nondesiccated and desiccated Cronobacter Sakazakii and Salmonella spp. at low and high inocula levels in reconstituted infant milk formula by vanillin

Obaidat, Mohammad M.; Alu’datt, Muhammad H.; Salman, Alaa E. Bani; Obaidat, Heba M.; Al-Zyoud, Amjed A.; Al-Saleh, Omar K.; al'anaz, Besher Abu

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.035

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The MIC against desiccated C. sakazakii was approximately eightfold higher than unstressed cells for both the phenolics at 37°C in laboratory media. Similar results were obtained by Obaidat et al (2015) for vanillin against C. sakazakii in laboratory media as desiccated C. sakazakii cells were more resistant to vanillin than unstressed cells. The study from Gruzdev et al (2011) also showed that desiccated S. typhimurium, S. enterica, S. enteritidis and S. infantis exhibited higher tolerance than nondesiccated cells to secondary multiple stressors including sodium hypochlorite, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, bile salts, dry heat and UV radiations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2021

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Aim: The present study demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid against unstressed and stressed (cold stressed, starved and desiccated) Cronobacter sakazakii in laboratory media (37°C) and reconstituted powdered infant formulation (PIF) with mild heat treatment (50°C). Methods and results: Five phenolics, namely, quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, were tested for antimicrobial activities against five strains of C. sakazakii either unstressed or stressed. Strain specific higher resistance to ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid was observed after stress adaptation in laboratory media. The effect of cross protection was validated using reconstituted PIF as delivery vehicle of selected compounds. Both pcoumaric acid and ferulic acid showed inhibition of C. sakazakii in a dose and time dependent manner as revealed by their viable cell counts. Principal component analysis revealed that the desiccated cells were more sensitive to phenolics in reconstituted PIF. Conclusions: Only ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid showed marked antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 2Á5-5 mg ml À1 for unstressed C. sakazakii cells in tryptone soy broth. The maximum inhibition was achieved with 20 mg ml À1 of both the tested polyphenols in reconstituted PIF. Cold stress and starvation stress did not impart any protection nor increased the susceptibility of C. sakazakii, whereas desiccation resulted in increased susceptibility to phenolic compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results obtained in this study helps in understanding the effect of environmental stresses during processing on susceptibility of C. sakazakii to natural antimicrobial agents. Future transcriptomic studies and functional genetic studies are warranted to understand the strain specific stress responses for the development of better control methods possibly by using these natural antagonists.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2021

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“…The potassium probe was dispensed to each well at a final concentration of 2 µM before the addition of 10 µL of the food additives, which were prepared as described in a previous section. The food additives were applied at different concentrations ( Figure 1 ) that ranged from sublethal to lethal levels that were reported in previous studies [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] except carvacrol and thymol, which were applied based on their MIC levels determined in the current study. Polymyxin at 10 ppm was used as a positive control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Antimicrobials Suitable for Combating Desiccation-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Milk Powder

Abdelhamid

Yousef

2021

Microorganisms

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Some Salmonella enterica strains survive well in low-water activity (low-aw) foods and cause frequent salmonellosis outbreaks in these products. Methods are needed to overcome such desiccation-resistant Salmonella and to improve the safety of low-aw foods. Building on a recent finding, we hypothesized that natural antimicrobial food additives, which are active against cytoplasmic membrane, could overcome this desiccation resistance phenomenon, and thus, sensitize the pathogen to drying and mild processing. Food additives were screened for the ability to cause leakage of intracellular potassium ions; retention of these ions is vital for protecting Salmonella against desiccation. Two antimicrobial food additives, carvacrol and thymol, caused considerable potassium leakage from the desiccation-resistant S. enterica serovars, Tennessee and Livingstone. Thus, carvacrol and thymol were investigated for their ability to sensitize the desiccation-adapted S. enterica to heat treatment. The combined use of food additives, at their minimum inhibitory concentrations, with heat treatment at 55 °C for 15 min caused 3.1 ± 0.21 to more than 5.5 log colony forming unit (CFU)/mL reduction in desiccation-adapted S. enterica, compared to 2.4 ± 0.53–3.2 ± 0.11 log CFU/mL reduction by sole heat treatment. Carvacrol was the additive that caused the greatest potassium leakage and sensitization of Salmonella to heat; hence, the application of this compound was investigated in a food model against Salmonella Typhimurium ASD200. Addition of carvacrol at 200 or 500 ppm into liquid milk followed by spray-drying reduced the strain’s population by 0.9 ± 0.02 and 1.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to 0.6 ± 0.02 log CFU/g reduction for non-treated spray-dried milk. Additionally, freeze-drying of milk treated with high levels of carvacrol (5000 ppm) reduced the population of Salmonella Typhimurium ASD200 by more than 4.5 log CFU/g, compared to 1.1 ± 0.4 log CFU/g reduction for the freeze-dried untreated milk. These findings suggest that carvacrol can combat desiccation-resistant S. enterica, and thus, potentially improve the safety of low-aw foods.

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“…The production facility personnel must be aware of the importance of food safety management systems and improve their knowledge related to good hygienic practices. Importantly, standard sanitary operating procedures cannot be replaced by the use of antimicrobial additives (Obaidat et al, 2015). For example, the implementation of food safety management systems at a yogurt production plant necessitated structural changes and the purchase of new equipment, which together accounted for 83.75% of the total cost of the plant.…”

Section: Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community structure and distribution in the air of a powdered infant formula factory based on cultivation and high-throughput sequence methods

Jiang

Lou

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The air in a powdered infant formula (PIF) factory is a potential transfer medium for microorganisms. In this study, air samples from 6 main processing areas, almost covering the whole PIF processing line and 1 outdoor location, were collected from a PIF manufacturing plant during the winter and summer periods. A cultivation-based and an Illumina (San Diego, CA) high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the community structures and distributions of bacteria in the air. High microbial diversity (25 genera, 56 species), with a dominant community including Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, and Kocuria, was found by the cultivation-based method. Moreover, 104 genera were obtained from all samples by high-throughput sequencing methods. Lactococcus (32.3%), Bacillus (29.6%), and Staphylococcus (14.0%) were the preponderant genera. The indices from high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the bacterial community of the air samples was highly diverse. Significant differences in the diversity and distribution at 6 sampling locations were revealed using the 2 methods. In particular, the packaging process contained the highest proportion (39.4%) of isolated strains. The highest diversity in bacterial community structure was found in the outdoor location. More bacterial isolates and higher community diversity were observed in the summer samples compared with the winter samples. In addition, some pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus cohnii, were mainly found in the large bag filling process, can filling, and packaging process areas. The present study provides greater insight into the microbial community and identifies potential sources of air contamination in PIF production environments and can serve as a guide to reduce the risk of microbial contamination in the production of PIF.

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Inactivation of nondesiccated and desiccated Cronobacter Sakazakii and Salmonella spp. at low and high inocula levels in reconstituted infant milk formula by vanillin

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

Multivariate analysis of adaptive response to ferulic acid and p ‐coumaric acid after physiological stresses in Cronobacter sakazakii

Natural Antimicrobials Suitable for Combating Desiccation-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Milk Powder

Microbial community structure and distribution in the air of a powdered infant formula factory based on cultivation and high-throughput sequence methods

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