Inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 by Chlorogenic Acid and the Impairment of Cellular Integrity

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an antibacterial agent that can be isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a Chinese medicinal and edible plant food. The inhibitory effect of CGA on bacterial growth and stiffness of the outer membrane (OM) had been reported, while more evidence were required to elucidate its impairment of cell wall. In this study, the morphological and physiochemical changes of Salmonella cells under CGA treatment were investigated. Firstly, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CGA against Salmonella was assayed. Later, the permeability of OM and activity of the proteins released were measured and observed to reveal the alteration of OM characteristic and cellular morphology. Finally, reactive oxygen species and cell membrane fluidity were analyzed, respectively, to elucidate how CGA damaged cell surface. The results showed that MIC of CGA against Salmonella was 6.25 mg/L. Under sub-lethal doses of CGA, the OM permeability and the release of soluble proteins were enhanced evidently, and Salmonella cells showed more deformed and shrunken, confirming the impairment of cellular integrity under CGA. Finally, the possible cause of cell surface damage was investigated. the fluidity of the membrane was increased upon CGA treatment, which may the possible cause of OM by CGA.

Effect of Combined Treatment with Cinnamon Oil and petit-High Pressure CO2 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Moreover, the cell membrane permeability of S. cerevisiae could also interfere with pressurized CO 2 [ 25 ]. Membrane permeability ensures that substances can selectively pass through the membrane, which is very crucial for the normal physiochemical functions of cells [ 28 ]. In this work, the antifungal action of CIN + p -HPCO 2 was probably related to its capability to enhance the membrane permeability of S. cerevisiae , thereby resulting in the leakage of intracellular contents.…”

“…The cell plasma membrane is a crucial barrier of protection from environmental stresses [ 28 ]. Our findings suggested that the cell membrane was a primary target of CIN + p -HPCO 2 action on S. cerevisiae , which might be related to the lipophilicity of CIN or its components and CO 2 .…”

A chlorogenic acid functional strategy of anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation and promoted endothelial proliferation for bioprosthetic artificial heart valves

“…20,21 A large number of researchers have reported that chlorogenic acid can exhibit excellent bioactive properties in antiinflammatory, 22,23 anti-coagulant, 24,25 anti-oxidant, 26,27 antibacterial and anti-viral drugs. [28][29][30] In addition, chlorogenic acid also shows great effects in promoting endothelial cell proliferation by regulating Rap1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and inducing angiopoietin-2 secretion. 31 The excellent bioactive properties of chlorogenic acid perfectly fit with the demands of BHVs.…”