Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by charged particles for Future Vaccine Production Applications: A Monte Carlo study

Rafiepour, Payman; Sina, Sedigheh; Mortazavi, Seyed Mohammad Javad

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110265

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Compared to low-energy electrons, high-energy heavy ions have a long impact level of over 25 cm in water-equivalent materials, but at the same time, a reduced attenuation compared to γ-rays and electrons. Moreover, high-energy heavy ions also efficiently inactivate viruses by damaging their nucleic acid but causing only very limited destruction of surface structures targeted by immune cells [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In order to validate our recent results obtained performing a Monte Carlo simulation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrating the potential of this technology [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses

Schulze,

Weber,

Schuy

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear the need for effective and rapid vaccine development methods. Conventional inactivated virus vaccines, together with new technologies like vector and mRNA vaccines, were the first to be rolled out. However, the traditional methods used for virus inactivation can affect surface-exposed antigen, thereby reducing vaccine efficacy. Gamma rays have been used in the past to inactivate viruses. We recently proposed that high-energy heavy ions may be more suitable as an inactivation method because they increase the damage ratio between the viral nucleic acid and surface proteins. Here, we demonstrate that irradiation of the influenza virus using heavy ion beams constitutes a suitable method to develop effective vaccines, since immunization of mice by the intranasal route with the inactivated virus resulted in the stimulation of strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses

Schulze,

Weber,

Schuy

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…First, the indirect effects of radiation (i.e., due to the interactions of free radicals following water radiolysis) are not taken into account, which makes sense due to the absence of liquid water around the virus [5]. Second, Monte Carlo simulation studies are usually performed only for a single virus placed in a vacuum or a water medium as an aerosol [5][6][7][8]. The dimensions of the radiation source are considered to be the same size as the virus, and all primary particles (here, iron ions) completely pass through the virus.…”

Section: Limitations In Monte Carlo Simulations Of Virus Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated secondary particles can be a factor that structurally damages the spike proteins and takes us away from the goal of a "clean" inactivation. However, directly irradiating a single virus with iron ions may be impossible in an experimental situation, but this is what has been implemented in previous simulations [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, a comprehensive simulation study is needed to examine the impact of the produced secondary particles at different depths of an iron ion beam (especially at the Bragg peak location) on virus inactivation, considering more realistic irradiation conditions.…”

Section: Limitations In Monte Carlo Simulations Of Virus Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Look at Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation for Vaccine Development

2024

J Biomed Phys Eng

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Recent studies offer valuable insights into viral inactivation for vaccine development. Schulze et al. have demonstrated the potential of heavy ion beam irradiation to create effective vaccines, which is particularly relevant in the context of airborne pandemics. Notably, the success in immunizing mice via intranasal administration with the inactivated influenza virus is encouraging, especially given the genetic similarities between influenza and SARS-CoV-2. However, the study raises important considerations. While heavy ion treatment shows advantages, there are concerns about viral inactivation completeness and the potential for surviving viruses, albeit at extremely low levels. Prolonged irradiation times and the risk of selective pressure leading to the evolution of resistant variants are highlighted. Biosafety concerns regarding accidental lab escape of resistant strains are crucial, emphasizing the need for caution during experiments. Moreover, limitations in Monte Carlo simulations of virus irradiation are discussed, pointing out the need for more comprehensive studies to assess the impact of secondary particles on virus inactivation under realistic irradiation conditions. Given these considerations, while the study presents a promising approach for vaccine development, further research is essential to address potential drawbacks and optimize the method for safe and effective application.

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A mechanistic simulation of induced DNA damage in a bacterial cell by X- and gamma rays: a parameter study

Rafiepour,

Sina,

Amoli

et al. 2024

Phys Eng Sci Med

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Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by charged particles for Future Vaccine Production Applications: A Monte Carlo study

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses

Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses

A Critical Look at Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation for Vaccine Development

A mechanistic simulation of induced DNA damage in a bacterial cell by X- and gamma rays: a parameter study

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