“…The bacteriophage phi6 is often used as a surrogate for enveloped viruses such as Ebola virus, influenza viruses, or CoVs [3] , [4] , [7] , [9] , because of its similar size (∼ 80-100 nm), and lipid envelope with spike proteins [17] , [18] , [19] . It has often been used as a surrogate for enveloped viruses to either learn about their fate in the environment under various conditions [3] , [4] , [9] , [20] , [21] or their susceptibility to inactivation by advanced treatment processes [7] , [18] , [21] , [22] , [23] or materials [19] , [24] . Due to their lipid bilayer, enveloped viruses are susceptible to inactivation by chemical agents [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] as well as harsher environmental conditions such as elevated temperatures [3] , [4] , [20] , [21] or high humidity [20] , [29] .…”