Inadequate food intake among adults living with HIV

Abstract

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Brazil is between 600,000 and 890,000. Assessing the diet is important in planning healthcare actions and improving PLHIV's quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of inappropriate protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, fiber, sodium, calcium and cholesterol intake among PVHIV on highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in nine Specialized STD/AIDS Healthcare Centers in São Paulo. METHODS: Men and women aged 20 to 59 years, on HAART for at least three months, were included. Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-hour food recall applied in person and repeated among 30% of the population by telephone. The between and within-person variances were corrected. RESULTS: 507 individuals were evaluated: 58% male, mean age 41.7 years (standard deviation, SD = 7.8).The mean time since HIV diagnosis was 6.6 years (SD = 4.1), and since HAART onset, 5.1 years (SD = 3.3).More than 20% of the population presented intake above the recommendations for saturated fat, cholesterol and/or sodium, and below the recommendations for fiber. The recommended maximum tolerable sodium level was exceeded by 99% of the sample, and 86% of men and 94% of women did not reach the daily recommendations for calcium. Protein, carbohydrate and total fat intakes were adequate for the majority of the population. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of the population presented inappropriate intake of saturated fat, sodium, fiber and calcium. Interventions aimed at improving PLHIV's dietary quality are needed. DP = 7,8). O tempo médio de infecção por HIV foi de 6,6 anos (DP = 4,1), e de TARV, de 5,1 anos (DP = 3,3). Mais que 20% da população apresentou consumo acima das recomendações para lipídios saturados, colesterol e/ou sódio, e abaixo para fibras. Excederam a recomendação máxima tolerada para sódio 99% da amostra, enquanto 86% dos homens e 94% das mulheres não atingiram as recomendações diárias para o cálcio. O consumo de proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios totais mostrou-se adequado para a maioria da população. CONCLUSÕES: Uma importante parcela da população apresentou consumo inadequado para lipídios saturados, sódio, fibras e cálcio. Intervenções que visem melhorar a qualidade da dieta de PVH são necessárias. RESUMO IBSc. Doctoral Student of Public Health Nutrition,

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“…However, this is lower than that of Thapa et al [23], which revealed that one in five PLWHA was underweight. Also, the prevalence of obesity/overweight found in this study is lower than those found in the studies by Giudici, Duran, and Jaime [24] and Nzeagwu and Uwaegbute [22]. In these studies, the researchers found 34% and 36.7% respectively, were overweight/obese.…”

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“…Also, a systematic review by Schuelter-Trevisol et al (2012) revealed that up to 73% of PLHIV were sedentary [31]. Finally, research has shown that PLHIV were more likely to exceed intake recommendations for saturated fat [32, 33] and dietary cholesterol [34]. …”

Dietary Intervention for Dyslipidemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…With regard to micronutrients, a study conducted in Brazil has shown low calcium intake [28] in patients with HIV on HAART, whereas other studies have reported low intake of vitamins A, C, E, and B 6 [31]. The low intake of vitamins and minerals, compounded by a poor nutritional status, resulting from either malnutrition or overweight, can adversely affect the immune system [17].…”