Inadequate preparedness for response to COVID-19 is associated with stress and burnout among healthcare workers in Ghana

Afulani, Patience A.; Gyamerah, Akua O.; Nutor, Jerry John; Laar, Amos; Aborigo, Raymond; Malechi, Hawa; Sterling, Mona; Awoonor-Williams, Koku

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250294

Cited by 88 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One potential unexplored predictor is providers' perceived preparedness to respond to the pandemic. In a prior study in Ghana, we found that HCWs did not feel prepared for the pandemic response [33], contributing to high stress and burnout [34], which has implications for job satisfaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The14-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout measure (SMBM) captured feelings at work in the past month [49], across three-domains of burnout: physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive weariness and with response options ranging from 1 (never or almost never) to 7 (always or almost always). Additional methods have also been previously described [34]. The psychometric properties for both measures have been previously assessed in SSA [34,50].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that higher perceived preparedness will be associated with higher job satisfaction. In addition, given the established relationship between stress, burnout, and job satisfaction; and between preparedness, stress, and burnout [34], we also examined if the relationship between preparedness and satisfaction was mediated by stress and burnout. Further, we examined differences in job satisfaction and key predictors at different time points during the pandemic and across Ghana and Kenya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic: Role of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout

Afulani

Nutor

Agbadi³

et al. 2021

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected job satisfaction among healthcare workers; yet this has not been empirically examined in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We addressed this gap by examining job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study with healthcare workers (N = 1012). The two phased data collection included: (1) survey data collected in Ghana from April 17 to May 31, 2020, and (2) survey data collected in Ghana and Kenya from November 9, 2020, to March 8, 2021. We utilized a quantitative measure of job satisfaction, as well as validated psychosocial measures of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout; and conducted descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable analysis using ordered logistic regression. We found high levels of job dissatisfaction (38.1%), low perceived preparedness (62.2%), stress (70.5%), and burnout (69.4%) among providers. High perceived preparedness was positively associated with higher job satisfaction (adjusted proportional odds ratio (APOR) = 2.83, CI [1.66,4.84]); while high stress and burnout were associated with lower job satisfaction (APOR = 0.18, CI [0.09,0.37] and APOR = 0.38, CI [0.252,0.583] for high stress and burnout respectively). Other factors positively associated with job satisfaction included prior job satisfaction, perceived appreciation from management, and perceived communication from management. Fear of infection was negatively associated with job satisfaction. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted job satisfaction among healthcare workers. Inadequate preparedness, stress, and burnout are significant contributing factors. Given the already strained healthcare system and low morale among healthcare workers in SSA, efforts are needed to increase preparedness, better manage stress and burnout, and improve job satisfaction, especially during the pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic: Role of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout

Afulani

Nutor

Agbadi³

et al. 2021

PLOS Glob Public Health

Self Cite

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“…Ghana recorded a mild type of COVID-19 infection, with minimal secondary infection rate and lower-case fatality rate in addition to a drastic reduction in new COVID-19 cases as compared to the early stages of the outbreak [ 2 ]. Also, there is an increasing awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 transmissions, risk factors, and effectiveness of safety protocol [ 23 24 25 26 ]. Therefore, ones' perception or fear of contracting the virus could be relatively low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nationwide survey of the potential acceptance and determinants of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana

Lamptey

Serwaa

Appiah

2021

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Purpose Safe and effective vaccine together with better treatment remains one of the strategic exist of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As in many other countries worldwide, the government of Ghana has expressed its commitment to procuring globally approved and accepted vaccines. This preliminary study aims to analyses these factors that could impact the choice of the vaccine in Ghana. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,000 Ghanaian respondents from the 14th October to the 12th of December 2020. A structured questionnaire after a series of literature review and was transcribed unto google forms. Dataset was extracted using Excel ver. 2016 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and imported into IBM SPSS ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for analysis. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were conducted at p-value <0.05. Results The results showed that 541 (54.1%) of the respondents would opt for the vaccines, 907 (90.7%) trusted the healthcare system and 388 (38.8%) had a high-risk perception of acquiring COVID-19. Our inferential analysis found that being married (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–4.78), salary worker (private: aOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 0.85–5.89; government: aOR, 42.58; 95% CI, 14.09–128.61), and high-risk perception (aOR, 5.35; 95% CI, 3.24–8.82) had a higher OR of accepting COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion As the government of Ghana prepares to secure COVID-19 vaccines, it is important to understand the state of mind and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the general population. Policymakers and stakeholders should focus on evidence-based community messaging to improve uptake and break the transmission dynamics.

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“…There is still a lack of information that would help health care managers and policymakers in the era of COVID-19 to improve the delivery of health care quality and to learn for the future [5]. Higher pandemic burdens such as HCWs' burnout and stress are expected when the Health Care Organizations (HCOs) lack plans and preparedness to strengthen their surge capacity and HCWs' resilience [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review: The Dimensions utilized in the Performance Evaluation of Healthcare- An Implication during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Amer

Hammoud

Khatatbeh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This systematic review aims to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which are the most frequently used and important in the Performance Evaluation (PE) of Health Care Organizations (HCOs). Also, it aimed to analyze the resulted Balanced Scorecard (BSC) dimensions during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. This systematic review was prepared according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, as well as Google search engine, were inspected to find all implementations of BSC at HCOs until 20 September 2020. The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed for each included article. The eligible studies were 33, in which 36 BSC implementations were identified. The categorization and re-grouping of the 797 KPIs resulted in 13 major-dimensions: The financial, efficiency and effectiveness, availability and quality of supplies and services, managerial tasks, Health Care Workers (HCWs) scientific development error-free and safety, the time, HCW-centeredness, patient-centeredness, technology and information system, community care and reputation, HCO building, and the communication. Under them, 45 sub-dimension were identified. The high RoB in most implementations was due to the selection bias. None of the 36 BSC implementations was utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review solves the dilemma of categorization differences among BSC implementations, which in turn will improve the data sharing and comparability among studies. A modification for the BSC design to include external and managerial perspectives is required. However, a lack of a comprehensive PE for HCOs during the pandemic was observed, so the resulted dimensions and KPIs are recommended for planning, monitoring, evaluation, and continuous improvement of HCOs. Many dimensions were negatively influenced by the pandemic. However, some dimensions still need further investigation. BSC dimensions have an essential role in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and will help the health care managers to mitigate its consequences on HCOs.

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Inadequate preparedness for response to COVID-19 is associated with stress and burnout among healthcare workers in Ghana

Cited by 88 publications

References 42 publications

Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic: Role of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout

Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic: Role of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout

A nationwide survey of the potential acceptance and determinants of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana

A Systematic Review: The Dimensions utilized in the Performance Evaluation of Healthcare- An Implication during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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