Inadequate Protein Intake Before and After Different Types of Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. Despite the successful weight loss, as result of bariatric surgery, patients are susceptible to protein deficiency. Change in food intake after surgery can cause some nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine the status of protein before and after bariatric surgery Methods: The systematic search was performed in April 2021. Cochrane, PubMed, and google scholar databases were used for our literature search by searching these keywords: body composition, fat free mass, bariatric surgery, protein malnutrition and protein intake. Results: Our studies showed few evaluation of protein has been done before surgery in candidates for surgery. Obesity surgery reduces muscle mass and serum protein so evaluation of these factors is necessary. Bariatric surgery method exposes people to protein malnutrition and changes in body composition therefore more attention to their protein intake needs to be done. Conclusion: Based on our results dietary intake can affect the outcome of surgery, so, we recommended evaluating protein status and lean body mass before and following the bariatric surgery. Also, the effect of different types of protein supplementation to improve body composition can be assessed in further studies.