Inappropriate Dietary and Occupational Patterns: Major Risk Factors Associated With Brucellosis in the Area Covered by Karaj Health Center No. 2

Abstract

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases among humans and livestock. Using contaminated and unpasteurized dairy products, having contact with infected livestock and, in general, inappropriate dietary patterns, as well as lack of hygiene, can be noted as the most common modes of transmission for such a disease. Objectives: Since the establishment of Alborz province in Iran and, accordingly, Alborz university of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran, there has been no study on the epidemiological situation of the disease. Therefore, the present study examines the epidemiology of Brucellosis at Karaj Health center No. 2, Karaj, Iran, during 2011 -2012. Patients and Methods:This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study, on patients with Brucellosis, during 2011 -2012, in the area covered by Karaj health center No. 2, Karaj, Iran. The data about all suspected cases, collected from polyclinic, laboratories and health centers, and confirmed by Wright, combs Wright and 2ME tests were reviewed. After recording the demographic data and laboratory results, they were entered into STATA 11 software and analyzed. Results: The number of patients reported in this study was 67. The incidence of the disease during 2011 -2012 was, respectively, 3.75 and 4.6 per hundred thousand and the average incidence of the disease was 4.2 per hundred thousand. The highest rate of infection, in terms of occupation, was found among ranchers (40.29%). In 100% of the cases, there was a history of consumption of cottage cheese, fresh cow milk or other unpasteurized dairy products. Considering the incidence season, most cases of the disease (38.80%) had occurred in the spring. In terms of gender, 56.71% were male and 43.28% of patients were female. As well, in terms of age, more 50% of the patients were in the age groups of 31 -40 and 41 -50 years old. Conclusions: Given the occurrence of more cases of the disease among individuals with risk factors, such as consumers of unpasteurized dairy products, as well as ranchers, it seems that healthcare education, isolation of the places where animals are kept from humans, livestock vaccination, and, particularly, improvement of dietary patterns are effective in reducing the incidence of the disease.

The requirement to improve the human Brucellosis Surveillance system in Kurdistan province: Reduce the delay in diagnosis time

“…It was observed that males and cases with high-risk occupations had higher odds of being in the clusters, which aligned with our expectations because multiple lines of evidence [14][15][16] have shown that brucellosis has a higher prevalence among males and people with high-risk jobs, such as ranchers [14], butchers [17] and slaughterhouse workers [17,18]. That is, these groups are likely to be reckless towards the disease and its symptoms, which may cause them to postpone seeking healthcare services, thereby increasing their odds of be included in the clusters.…”

Trends in the Epidemiology of Brucellosis Cases in Iran during the Last Decade

“…The ratio of brucellosis disease would increase due to the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products ( 33 , 38 ). The use of cottage cheese (76%) and fresh cow milk (30%) were seen among the patients ( 39 ). Nabavi et al ( 30 ) described contact with infected livestock and the use of unpasteurized dairy as the most common routes to transmit brucellosis.…”