Inappropriate ICD Shocks in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Patients

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have proven to be life-saving devices, there are frequent complications associated with their use, especially in the pediatric and congenital heart disease populations. Inappropriate shocks are a particularly frequent complication in these groups. This review discusses the causes and implications of inappropriate ICD shocks, and presents potential interventions that may assist in safely reducing the rates of inappropriate shocks in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients with ICDs.

Rapid biosynthesis of fluorescent CdSe QDs in Bacillus licheniformis and correlative bacterial antibiotic change assess during the process

“…CdSe QDs are then capable of being biosynthesized by coupling the two intermediates to produce CdSe, followed by self‐originated protein enveloping. [ 40,41 ] GSH plays a very important role in this process, levels fluctuated to some extent, which reflected the potential detoxifying conditions in bacterial physiology. Free radicals were created during the biosynthesis process due to reduction of the engaged metals.…”

Inappropriate shock delivery by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator due to electrical interference with a refrigerator in a 4-year-old child

“…4 The most common causes of inappropriate shocks are supraventricular tachycardia, lead malfunction, sinus tachycardia, T wave oversensing, and external noise. [4][5][6] There are cases in the literature of electromagnetic interference being caused by handheld radiofrequency remote controls, electric razors, electronic article surveillance systems, power drills, washing machines, refrigerators, and slot machines. 7 This patient experienced an inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge due to an electrical leakage from the refrigerator.…”