Inbreeding and the genetic variance in floral traits of Mimulus guttatus

Kelly, John K.; Arathi, H. S.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800181

Cited by 55 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Local populations differ extensively in morphology, life history (the species includes both annual and perennial ecotypes), mating system, biotic factors such as insect herbivory, and various abiotic conditions (Ritland 1989;Fenster and Ritland 1994;Kelly and Arathi 2003;Holeski and Kelly 2006). Trichome density is highly variable in M. guttatus, and its trichomes are straight and unicellular and occur in the glandular form, often secreting a sticky and potentially noxious fluid.…”

Section: Traits Study Species and Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

Holeski

Chase‐Alone

Kelly

2010

The American Naturalist

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Insect herbivory is a major driving force of plant evolution. Phenotypic plasticity and developmental variation provide a means for plants to cope with variable herbivory. We characterized the genetics of developmental variation and phenotypic plasticity in trichome density, a putative defensive trait of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). Our results are evaluated in relation to the optimal defense theory, which provides testable predictions for plastic and developmental patterns in defense traits. We found that both developmental stage and simulated insect damage affected trichome production, but in different ways. Plants were more likely to produce at least some trichomes on later leaves than on earlier leaves, regardless of damage. Damage did not affect the average probability of producing trichomes, but it did increase the density of hairs on trichome-positive plants. We mapped trichome quantitative trait loci (QTL) by selectively genotyping a large panel of recombinant inbred lines derived from two highly divergent populations. Several highly pleiotropic QTL influenced multiple aspects of the trichome phenotype (constitutive, developmental, and/or plastic responses). Only one of the QTL influenced trichome induction following damage. In a result that is consistent with a central prediction of optimal defense theory, the high allele at this location was from the ancestral population with low constitutive trichome production.

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Section: Traits Study Species and Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

Holeski

Chase‐Alone

Kelly

2010

The American Naturalist

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“…Because these components influence the genetic covariance between parents and offspring in inbred populations, they affect the response to selection (Cockerham and Weir, 1984;Shaw et al, 1998;Kelly, 1999;Kelly and Arathi, 2003;Wolak and Keller, 2014).…”

Section: Inbreedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variance components and heritability of multiallelic heterozygosity under inbreeding

2015

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The maintenance of genetic diversity in fitness-related traits remains a central topic in evolutionary biology, for example, in the context of sexual selection for genetic benefits. Among the solutions that have been proposed is directional sexual selection for heterozygosity. The importance of such selection is highly debated. However, a critical evaluation requires knowledge of the heritability of heterozygosity, a quantity that is rarely estimated in this context, and often assumed to be zero. This is at least partly the result of the lack of a general framework that allows for its quantitative prediction in small and inbred populations, which are the focus of most empirical studies. Moreover, while current predictors are applicable only to biallelic loci, fitnessrelevant loci are often multiallelic, as are the neutral markers typically used to estimate genome-wide heterozygosity. To this end, we first review previous, but little-known, work showing that under most circumstances, heterozygosity at biallelic loci and in the absence of inbreeding is heritable. We then derive the heritability of heterozygosity and the underlying variances for multiple alleles and any inbreeding level. We also show that heterozygosity at multiallelic loci can be highly heritable when allele frequencies are unequal, and that this heritability is reduced by inbreeding. Our quantitative genetic framework can provide new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of heterozygosity in inbred and outbred populations.

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“…For the trait index, the estimated V G among inbred genotypes is slightly less than twice the outbred V G (0.95 vs. 0.53). These estimates are associated with sizable standard errors, and, unlike those of Kelly and Arathi (2003), they are potentially contaminated by maternal effects. However, taken in aggregate, these studies suggest that the immediate effect of inbreeding is to inflate the genetic variance in both I and its component traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, values for both traits were transformed in that study (using square root for corolla width and the logarithm for days), whereas selection was imposed on an index of untransformed values in the present experiment. In addition, the plants measured by Kelly and Arathi (2003) were grown in a greenhouse (with a mixture of natural and artificial light), while those of this study matured in a growth chamber. The relevant characters, particularly development rate, are sensitive to growth conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, Kelly and Arathi (2003) used a breeding design with both inbred and outbred plants from the Iron Mountain population to estimate the relevant components for flower size and the rate of development. These estimates predict that the genetic variance of corolla width should double as f increases from zero to one, whereas the variance in days to flower should change little (see table 2 of Kelly and Arathi 2003). Importantly, values for both traits were transformed in that study (using square root for corolla width and the logarithm for days), whereas selection was imposed on an index of untransformed values in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating System and the Evolution of Quantitative Traits: An Experimental Study of Mimulus Guttatus

Holeski¹,

Kelly²

2006

Evolution

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Abstract. The mating system of a population profoundly influences its evolution. Inbreeding alters the balance of evolutionary forces that determine the amount of genetic variation within a population. It redistributes that variation among individuals, altering heritabilities and genetic correlations. Inbreeding even changes the basic relationships between these genetic statistics and response to selection. If populations differing only in mating system are exposed to the same selection pressures, will they respond in qualitatively different ways? Here, we address this question by imposing selection on an index of two negatively correlated traits (flower size and development rate) within experimental populations that reproduce entirely by outcrossing, entirely by self-fertilizing, or by a mixture of outcrossing and selfing. Entirely selfing populations responded mainly by evolving larger flowers whereas outcrossing populations also evolved more rapid development. Divergence occurred despite an equivalent selection regime and no direct effect of mating system on fitness. The study provides an experimental demonstration of how the interaction of selection, genetic drift, and mating system can produce dramatic short-term changes in trait means, variances, and covariances.

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Inbreeding and the genetic variance in floral traits of Mimulus guttatus

Cited by 55 publications

References 79 publications

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

Genetic variance components and heritability of multiallelic heterozygosity under inbreeding

Mating System and the Evolution of Quantitative Traits: An Experimental Study of Mimulus Guttatus

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