Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Founding Clones of Japanese-type Plums of California and the Southeastern United States

Byrne, David

doi:10.21273/jashs.114.4.699

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…The overall mean CC of all cultivars was 0.18, which is higher than that reported for cultivars of apple [0.061 (Noiton and Alspach 1996)] and plum {Prunus sp. [0.069 to 0.080 (Byrne 1989)]}, and similar to that reported for cultivars of peach {Prunus persica 2). In general, cultivars with low mean CC were wine cultivars like Noble, Sterling, Regale, and Carlos.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Pedigree Analysis of Modern Muscadine Cultivars Reveals a Narrow Genetic Base

Conner

Bhattarai

Williams

et al. 2023

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia var. rotundifolia) is a rare crop in that it has transitioned from a wild fruiting plant to a domesticated fruit within the past 150 years. Furthermore, this domestication process was carried out by just a few institutions that published copious records of the origin and traits of the first wild selections, goals and methods of the breeding programs, and the pedigrees of releases. We thus have a near complete record of the domestication of this interesting fruit crop. Early breeding efforts made use of fewer than a dozen wild selections, most of which were collected from the coastal plain of North Carolina and South Carolina. This narrow germplasm base has led to increasing levels of inbreeding in the most recent muscadine cultivar releases. To better understand the germplasm base of muscadine, the pedigrees of 54 muscadine cultivars released since 1970 were examined. Only 15 founders (founding clones) were identified that appeared in more than two cultivars, and five of these represent open pollination events that may not indicate the addition of new genetic material. By far the most used founder was ‘Scuppernong’, which appeared in 53 of 54 pedigrees and had an average genetic contribution of 22.8%. The remaining founders varied from 0.9% to 14.8% in their average genetic contribution. Coancestry coefficients between cultivars averaged 0.18, but were often much higher among recent fresh-market releases. Analysis of vine vigor as measured by trunk caliper in seedling progenies suggests that coancestry coefficients greater than 0.23 result in below average seedling vigor. The University of Georgia muscadine breeding program is evaluating multiple wild muscadine accessions to reduce inbreeding and increase the genetic diversity of its germplasm.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Pedigree Analysis of Modern Muscadine Cultivars Reveals a Narrow Genetic Base

Conner

Bhattarai

Williams

et al. 2023

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Plums

Callahan

2008

Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants

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Plums arose in three distinct regions, European plums ( Prunus domestica and others) from southern Europe and Asia Minor, Japanese plums ( Prunus salicina and others) from China, and the American plums ( Prunus Americana and others) from North America. The two major commercial species of plum are P. domestica (primarily for the dried fruit industry) and P. salicina (primarily for the fresh fruit industry). Breeding efforts have resulted in many high quality fruit cultivars that have been adapted for various local environmental and disease pressures. At present though, there have been few successes in breeding for resistance to plum pox potyvirus, a virus that not only affects the marketability of the fruit crop but the health of the tree. A number of research groups have begun to develop the techniques necessary to introduce resistance to plum pox virus through genetic engineering. These efforts have resulted in “HoneySweet”, a prune plum ( P. domestica ) that has been found to be highly resistant to plum pox virus in field trials. Work is continuing on improving the techniques used to engineer a plum pox virus‐resistant plum as well as producing more cultivars of plum with the resistance.

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