Inbreeding Effects on Resistance and Transmission-Related Traits in the Silene-Microbotryum Pathosystem

Ouborg, N. Joop; Biere, A.; Mudde, C. L.

doi:10.2307/177445

Cited by 59 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ouborg et al (2000) found that inbreeding in the perennial plant Silene alba resulted in increased resistance to anther-smut fungus in some lines and decreased resistance in others. Similarly, Stevens et al (1997) found that some inbred lines of flour beetles Tribolium castaneum were more susceptible than others to tapeworm parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family-Level Covariation Between Parasite Resistance and Mating System in a Hermaphroditic Freshwater Snail

et al. 2002

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Abstract. Genetic compatibility, nonspecific defenses, and environmental effects determine parasite resistance. Host mating system (selfing vs. outcrossing) should be important for parasite resistance because it determines the segregation of alleles at the resistance loci and because inbreeding depression may hamper immune defenses. Individuals of a mixed mating hermaphroditic freshwater snail, Lymnaea ovata, are commonly infected by a digenetic trematode parasite, Echinoparyphium recurvatum. We examined covariation between quantitative resistance to novel parasites and mating system by exposing snail families from four populations that differed by their inbreeding coefficients. We found that resistance was unrelated to inbreeding coefficient of the population, suggesting that the more inbred populations did not carry higher susceptibility load than the less inbred populations. Most of the variation in resistance was expressed among the families within the populations. In the population with the lowest inbreeding coefficient, resistance increased with outcrossing rate of the family, as predicted if selfing had led to inbreeding depression. In the other three populations with higher inbreeding coefficients, resistance was unrelated to outcrossing rate. The results suggest that in populations with higher inbreeding some of the genetic load has been purged, uncoupling the predicted relationship between outcrossing rate and resistance. Snail families also displayed crossing reaction norms for resistance when tested in two environments that presented low and high immune challenge, suggesting that genotype-by-environment interactions are important for parasite resistance. In many plant-pathogen systems, resistance is determined by a genotype-specific interaction between the plant and the pathogen genotypes (reviewed in Thompson 1994;Kover and Caicedo 2001). Recently, genotype-specific interactions have also been found between hosts and their parasites in several animal systems (Lively 1989;Ballabeni and Ward 1993;Ebert 1994;Henter 1995;Ebert et al. 1998;Webster and Woolhouse 1998;Little and Ebert 1999;Webster 2001). Specific interactions of few host and parasite genes are therefore likely to be important in determining which individuals will suffer infections and which will remain healthy.Resistance is also determined by defenses that are independent of the parasite genotype (nonspecific defenses; Frank 2000). These host traits are often quantitative traits governed by several genes (e.g., innate immune system) and evolve through selection on heritable additive genetic variance. Phenotypic value (i.e., effectiveness) of this type of general defense may vary due to both host genotype and environment. For instance, when defense traits are energetically costly, resistance may be related to available resources (e.g., Oppliger et al. 1998;Wiehn and Korpimäki 1998;Ilmonen et al. 2000;Moret and Schmid-Hempel 2000;Rigby and Jokela 2000).Independent of costs, inbreeding may increase susceptibility if inbreeding hampers integri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, some empirical studies have found evidence for inbreeding depression in resistance traits of the host (Potts et al 1994;Coltman et al 1999;Ouborg et al 2000). Hence, susceptibility may be seen as a component of inbreeding depression (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Family-Level Covariation Between Parasite Resistance and Mating System in a Hermaphroditic Freshwater Snail

et al. 2002

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“…Outcross progeny of the perennial Erigeron glaucus supported fewer thrips (Apterothrips apteris) than self progeny only if the self progeny were derived from a parent that already supported high number of thrips (presumably a low resistance genotype) and the cross-pollination sire supported few thrips (presumably a high resistance genotype; Strauss and Karban 1994). In a plant-pathogen system, Ouborg et al (2000) found that active resistance of the highly outcrossing perennial Silene alba to the fungus Microbotryum violaceum was altered by inbreeding. The effect of inbreeding was variable among lines and among populations, in some cases increasing resistance, in others decreasing resistance.…”

Section: Inbreeding and Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding Alters Resistance to Insect Herbivory and Host Plant Quality in Mimulus Guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

2002

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Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated genetic variation for resistance to insect herbivores and host plant quality. The effect of plant mating system, an important determinant of the distribution of genetic variation, on host plant characteristics has received almost no attention. This study used a controlled greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of self-and cross-pollination in Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae) on resistance to and host plant quality for the xylem-feeding spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Spittlebugs were found to have a negative effect on two important fitness components in M. guttatus, flower production and aboveground biomass. One of two M. guttatus populations examined showed a significant interaction between the pollination and herbivore treatments. In this case, the detrimental effects of herbivores on biomass and flower production were much more pronounced in inbred (self) plants. The presence of spittlebug nymphs increased inbreeding depression by as much as three times. Pollination treatments also had significant effects on important components of herbivore fitness, but these effects were in opposite directions in our two host plant populations. Spittlebug nymphs maturing on self plants emerged as significantly larger adults in one of our host plant populations, indicating that inbreeding increased host plant quality. In our second host plant population, spittlebug nymphs took significantly longer to develop to adulthood on self plants, indicating that inbreeding decreased host plant quality. Taken together these results suggest that the degree of inbreeding in host plant populations can have important and perhaps complex effects on the dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions and on mating-system evolution in the host.

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“…In particular, work on Linum marginale and its rust pathogen, Melampsora lini (eg Jarosz and Burdon, 1991;Thrall et al, 2001), and studies of Silene alba and its anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum (eg Alexander and Antonovics, 1995;Ouborg et al, 2000), have greatly advanced the field. Studies in noncrop plant populations of bacterial pathogens (eg Kover and Schaal, 2002) are much rarer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and covariation for resistance and tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae): a test for costs and constraints

De¹,

Murphy

Eubanks

2005

Heredity

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Genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to pathogens may be maintained by costs represented as genetic tradeoffs between these traits and fitness. The evolution of resistance and tolerance also may be constrained by negative genetic correlations between these defense systems. Using a complete diallel, we measured genetic variation and covariation for and among performance, resistance, and tolerance traits in Mimulus guttatus challenged with a generalist pathogen, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Viral coat protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all inoculated plants, indicating that all plants were susceptible to infection, although the ELISA absorbance varied quantitatively across plants. Plants inoculated with CMV had significantly reduced aboveground biomass and flower production relative to controls, although date of first flower was unaffected by infection. All three of these performance traits showed moderate to high narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ¼ 0.32-0.62) in both inoculated and control plants. We found phenotypic variation for both tolerance of and resistance to our strain of CMV, but both displayed very low narrow-sense heritability (h 2 o0.03). We found no evidence of a trade-off between resistance and tolerance. We also found no evidence for a cost of resistance or tolerance. In fact, a significant genetic correlation suggested that plants that were large when healthy had the greatest tolerance when infected. Significant, positive genetic correlations found between performance of uninfected and infected plants suggested that selection would likely favor the same M. guttatus genotypes whether CMV is present or not.

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Inbreeding Effects on Resistance and Transmission-Related Traits in the Silene-Microbotryum Pathosystem

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Family-Level Covariation Between Parasite Resistance and Mating System in a Hermaphroditic Freshwater Snail

Family-Level Covariation Between Parasite Resistance and Mating System in a Hermaphroditic Freshwater Snail

Inbreeding Alters Resistance to Insect Herbivory and Host Plant Quality in Mimulus Guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

Genetic variation and covariation for resistance and tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae): a test for costs and constraints

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