Incarcerated youth with personality disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity and convergent validity

Kaszynski, Katie; Kallis, Diana L.; Karnik, Niranjan S.; Soller, Marie; Haapanen, Rudy; Blair, James; Steiner, Hans

doi:10.1002/pmh.1241

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…the interstitial nature of four facets; Krueger et al, 2012). In addition, obtaining such a perfect structure might be even more difficult in clinical studies (such as the current study), where maladaptive traits are typically more strongly connected, leading to higher cross-loadings and a less distinctive factor matrix (Kaszynski et al, 2014;Quilty et al, 2013;Verbeke, De Caluwé, & De Clercq, 2017). A second limitation concerns the exclusive use of self-reports, and despite the fact that this may be the best way to assess maladaptive traits, other informants (e.g., parents) could also provide extra information .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity

Caluwé

Verbeke

Aken

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality Disorders

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The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity

Caluwé

Verbeke

Aken

et al. 2019

Journal of Personality Disorders

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“…Antisocial personality disorder is also frequently found in male young offenders, with prevalence rates ranging from 76 to 81 % [4, 6]. A recent study [8] further shown that male young offenders with personality disorders have high levels of anger–irritability, aggression, delinquency, distress, and reduced restraint, when compared with young offenders without personality pathology. Other than conduct disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder, male young offenders still present considerably high rates of psychopathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions

Rijo

Brazão

Barroso

et al. 2016

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundYoung offenders are known to be a population with high prevalence of mental health disorders. In most cases, these disorders are neither identified nor treated properly, with the majority of them being chronic and difficult to treat. In many countries, the prevalence rates of psychopathology in male young offenders are still unknown and no psychotherapeutic interventions are delivered. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to assess mental health problems in Portuguese male young offenders placed in either custodial or community-based programs and discuss treatment implications within the juvenile justice interventions.MethodsParticipants in this study included 217 male young offenders aged between 14 and 20 years old that were randomly selected using a random number table. From the total sample, 122 (56.3 %) participants were placed in juvenile detention facilities, and 95 (43.7 %) were receiving community-based programs. Participants were interviewed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, a structured interview that assesses DSM-IV Axis I Mental Disorders. Participants aged 18 years or older were also assessed with the antisocial personality disorder section from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders.ResultsResults showed a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with a global prevalence of 91.2 % in the total sample. In both groups, global prevalence rates were equally high (93.4 % in youth in custodial versus 88.4 % in youth in community-based programs). Substance-related disorders were more prevalent in youth placed in juvenile facilities, whereas anxiety and mood disorders were more often found in the community-based group. Moreover, oppositional defiant disorder was more prevalent in youth from the community, whereas antisocial personality disorder and conduct disorder were less prevalent than expected in this same group. A high comorbidity rate was also found, with the majority of participants from both groups’ fulfilling criteria for two or more disorders. Additionally, participants with conduct disorder were over four times more likely to fulfill criteria for substance abuse.ConclusionsOur findings inform about specific needs concerning mental health intervention that should be taken into account when deciding and planning rehabilitation programs for male young offenders, either from custodial or community-based programs.

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“…In line with this theory, Heleniak and colleagues [ 21 ] found in youth of a community sample that emotional dysregulation mediated the relations between maltreatment and psychopathology. In juvenile detainees, irritability was associated, amongst others, with antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders [ 22 ], and was found to predict violent criminal re-offenses after release from detention [ 23 ]. By taking into account these recent findings, the present study addresses the specific impact of cumulative ACEs while controlling for irritability symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations of cumulative adverse childhood experiences and irritability with mental disorders in detained male adolescent offenders

Bielas

Barra

Skrivanek

et al. 2016

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychiatric disorders are common in juvenile detainees. Emotional dysregulation resulting from cumulated ACEs may be characterized by symptoms of irritability. The present study examined whether the accumulation of ACEs, irritability, or both predicted mental disorders in incarcerated adolescents with and without controlling for one another and for socio-demographic factors.MethodsOne hundred thirty male detained juvenile offenders (aged 13.8–19.5 years) were assessed by structured clinical interviews and a self-reporting scale for irritability. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to examine the shared and distinct associations of ACEs and irritability with psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsA total of 75 % of the participants reported more than one ACE. The ACE total score was positively related to self-reported irritability. The ACE total score predicted depressive disorders, suicidality, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders. Irritability was positively related to depressive disorders, suicidality, disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), substance use disorder (SUD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These associations remained significant in multivariate models.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the predictive impact of self-reported ACEs and irritability with regard to adolescent psychiatric disorders in young male inmates. Both variables differed in their predictive power for PTSD, internalizing, and externalizing disorders indicating the need for specific therapeutic interventions. Taking a close look at their trauma history seems to be of special importance for juveniles suffering from PTSD and anxiety disorders. For delinquent adolescents with DBD, ADHD and SUD, the training of emotion regulation techniques appears most promising. Approaches focusing on both, ACEs and emotion-focused contents may be implemented in the treatment of depressive disorders and suicidality.

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Incarcerated youth with personality disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity and convergent validity

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity

The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity

Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions

The associations of cumulative adverse childhood experiences and irritability with mental disorders in detained male adolescent offenders

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