Incarceration and Sexual Risk Behavior and Incident Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV in HIV Prevention Trials Network 061: Differences by Study City and Among Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men, Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women, and Black Transgender Women

Khan, Maria R.; Brewer, Russell; Abrams, Jasmyn; Mazumdar, Medha; Scheidell, Joy D.; Feelemyer, Jonathan; Dyer, Typhanye V.; Turpin, Rodman; Hucks-Ortiz, Christopher; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Severe, MacRegga; Irvine, Natalia M; Kaufman, Jay S.; Cleland, Charles M.; Mayer, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000001594

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…5 Those at the intersection of being minoritized due to race and sexual or gender identity face disproportionate risk of incarceration; BSMM have twice the incarceration risk compared with their nonracial/ethnic sexual minority counterparts, 6 and BTW have markedly higher rates of than BSMM. 7 Structural racism contributes greatly to these disparities in incarceration rates. 8,9 Incarceration has been associated with several negative outcomes among BSMM including elevated risks of unhealthy alcohol and drug use, 10 violence, 11 mental disorders, 12 and increased risk of HIV acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Decarceration Plus Alcohol, Substance Use, and Mental Health Screening on Life Expectancies of Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study Based on HPTN 061

Feelemyer,

Bershteyn,

Scheidell

et al. 2024

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Given the disproportionate rates of incarceration and lower life expectancy (LE) among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW) with HIV, we modeled the impact of decarceration and screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use on LE of US BSMM/BTW with HIV. Methods We augmented a microsimulation model previously validated to predict LE and leading causes of death in the US with estimates from the HPTN 061 cohort and the Veteran’s Aging Cohort Studies. We estimated independent associations among psychiatric and substance use disorders, to simulate the influence of treatment of one condition on improvement on others. We used this augmented simulation to estimate LE for BSMM/BTW with HIV with a history of incarceration under alternative policies of decarceration (i.e., reducing the fraction exposed to incarceration), screening for psychiatric conditions and substance use, or both. Results Baseline LE was 61.3 years. Reducing incarceration by 25%, 33%, 50%, and 100% increased LE by 0.29 years, 0.31 years, 0.53 years, and 1.08 years, respectively, versus no reductions in incarceration. When reducing incarceration by 33% and implementing screening for alcohol, tobacco, substance use, and depression, in which a positive screen triggers diagnostic assessment for all psychiatric and substance use conditions and linkage to treatment, LE increased by 1.52 years compared to no screening or decarceration. Discussion LE among BSMM/BTW with HIV is short compared with other people with HIV. Reducing incarceration and improving screening and treatment of psychiatric conditions and substance use could substantially increase LE in this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Decarceration Plus Alcohol, Substance Use, and Mental Health Screening on Life Expectancies of Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study Based on HPTN 061

Feelemyer,

Bershteyn,

Scheidell

et al. 2024

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…Increasingly, there is a movement to deliberately examine the equity of testing interventions in order to overcome barriers that may prevent people who are Black or Hispanic from accessing HIV and HCV testing and treatment [19,20]. Minoritized populations, including Black and Hispanic people, make up an increasing proportion of new HCV and HIV diagnoses [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in testing for infectious diseases: An analysis of jail intake data

Wurcel,

Guardado,

Grussing

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing for all people in jail is recommended by the CDC. In the community, there are barriers to HIV and HCV testing for minoritized people. We examined the relationship between race and infectious diseases (HIV, HCV, syphilis) testing in one Massachusetts jail, Middlesex House of Corrections (MHOC). This is a retrospective analysis of people incarcerated at MHOC who opted-in to infectious diseases testing between 2016–2020. Variables of interest were race/ethnicity, self-identified history of psychiatric illness, and ever having experienced restrictive housing. Twenty-three percent (1,688/8,467) of people who were incarcerated requested testing at intake. Of those, only 38% received testing. Black non-Hispanic (25%) and Hispanic people (30%) were more likely to request testing than white people (19%). Hispanic people (16%, AOR 1.69(1.24–2.29) were more likely to receive a test result compared to their white non-Hispanic (8%, AOR 1.54(1.10–2.15)) counterparts. Black non-Hispanic and Hispanic people were more likely to opt-in to and complete infectious disease testing than white people. These findings could be related to racial disparities in access to care in the community. Additionally, just over one-third of people who requested testing received it, underscoring that there is room for improvement in ensuring testing is completed. We hope our collaborative efforts with jail professionals can encourage other cross-disciplinary investigations.

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“…Incarceration is associated with heightened risk of morbidity, including an increased likelihood of acquiring a sexually-transmitted infection (STI) [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. People with incarceration histories have higher rates of STIs compared to the general population [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of 247,211 individuals showed those with incarceration histories were 3.9 times more likely to have chlamydia, 6.6 times more likely to have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 3.6 times more likely to have syphilis compared to those never incarcerated [ 14 ]. Having an incarceration history is associated with higher rates of risky sexual behaviors, such as engaging in transactional sex, having condomless sex, and substance use during sex [ 11 , 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. A study of 532 HIV-positive men found recent incarceration to be associated with condomless sex related to drug use (adjusted odds ratio: 6.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.18–19.52) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Intersections of Gender, Race and Sexual Orientation in the Association between Substance Use Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a National Sample of Adults with Recent Criminal Legal Involvement

Harvey

Opara

Wang

2022

IJERPH

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Limited research has focused on how substance use and sexual risk behaviors differ among individuals impacted by the criminal legal system based on social identities. Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we estimated relative risk for reporting a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among intersectional social groups with criminal legal involvement using a modified Poisson regression. We then utilized multivariate logistic regression and marginal effects to measure associations between substance use behaviors and STIs and to estimate whether these varied among the intersectional social groups with elevated STI rates. Three groups had elevated risk of reporting an STI compared to white, heterosexual men: white, heterosexual women (1.53, 95% CI: 1.05–2.20); Black, heterosexual women (2.03, 95% CI: 1.18–3.49); and white, gay or bisexual men (5.65, 95% CI: 2.61–12.20). Considering the intersections of gender, race, and sexual orientation, elevated risks for STIs among white and Black heterosexual women were mitigated after adjusting for substance use alongside other confounders. Only those who identified as white, gay or bisexual, and male had increased STI risk after controlling for substance use. Interventions targeting Black and white heterosexual women’s sexual health following incarceration should focus on substance use and interventions targeting white, gay or bisexual men should focus on healthy sexual behaviors, HIV/STI screening, and care continuum efforts.

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Incarceration and Sexual Risk Behavior and Incident Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV in HIV Prevention Trials Network 061: Differences by Study City and Among Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men, Black Sexual Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women, and Black Transgender Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Decarceration Plus Alcohol, Substance Use, and Mental Health Screening on Life Expectancies of Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study Based on HPTN 061

Impact of Decarceration Plus Alcohol, Substance Use, and Mental Health Screening on Life Expectancies of Black Sexual Minority Men and Black Transgender Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Simulation Study Based on HPTN 061

Racial differences in testing for infectious diseases: An analysis of jail intake data

Role of the Intersections of Gender, Race and Sexual Orientation in the Association between Substance Use Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a National Sample of Adults with Recent Criminal Legal Involvement

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