Incarceration, Prisoner Reentry, and Communities

Morenoff, Jeffrey D.; Harding, David J.

doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145511

Cited by 205 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Findings reveal that the rate of releases from prison to a neighborhood is positively associated with subsequent neighborhood rates of crime (20)(21)(22). However, the existing research literature does not sufficiently account for the possibility of omitted variable bias or other endogeneity problems that may lead to incorrect inferences about the effect of concentrated prisoner reentry on recidivism (23).…”

Section: Prior Evidence and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 95%

A natural experiment of the consequences of concentrating former prisoners in the same neighborhoods

Kirk

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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More than 600,000 prisoners are released from incarceration each year in the United States, and most end up residing in metropolitan areas, clustered within a select few neighborhoods. Likely consequences of this concentration of returning prisoners include higher rates of subsequent crime and recidivism. In fact, one-half of released prisoners return to prison within only 3 y of release. The routine exposure to criminogenic influences and criminal opportunities portends a bleak future for individuals who reside in neighborhoods with numerous other ex-prisoners. Through a natural experiment focused on post-Hurricane Katrina Louisiana, I examine a counterfactual scenario: If instead of concentrating exprisoners in geographic space, what would happen to recidivism rates if ex-prisoners were dispersed across space? Findings reveal that a decrease in the concentration of parolees in a neighborhood leads to a significant decrease in the reincarceration rate of former prisoners.prisoners | recidivism | neighborhood effects | natural experiment |

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Section: Prior Evidence and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 95%

A natural experiment of the consequences of concentrating former prisoners in the same neighborhoods

Kirk

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Many more people cycle in and out of prison from year to year than are represented in the prison population on a given day. This fact is important because it is not only the experience of currently being imprisoned but also the consequences of having ever been imprisoned that affect the well-being and life chances of prisoners, former prisoners, and their children (Morenoff and Harding 2014;Wakefield and Uggen 2010;Wildeman and Muller 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

Muller

Wildeman

2016

Demography

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This article reports estimates of the cumulative risk of imprisonment and parental imprisonment for demographic groups in four regions and four states. Regional and state-level cumulative risks were markedly higher for African Americans and Latinos than for whites. African Americans faced the highest cumulative risks of imprisonment in the Midwest, Northeast, and two southern states. Latinos were most likely to serve time in state prison in the West, where their cumulative risk was comparable to that of African Americans. Latino children had a relatively high risk of having a parent imprisoned in the Northeast as well. Racial disparities in the cumulative risk of imprisonment and parental imprisonment did not increase linearly with increases in the cumulative risk for all groups.

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“…The influence of neighborhood and environment on relapse to drug use and recidivism has been well documented (Freudenberg, 2001; Harding, Morenoff, & Herbert, 2013; Morenoff & Harding, 2014; Stahler, Mennis, Belenko, Welsh, & Hiller, 2013). The relative concentration of ex-offenders seems to be one of the strongest predictors of a neighborhood’s influence on recidivism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Criminal Justice Experience of African American Cocaine Users in Arkansas

Zaller

Cheney

Curran

et al. 2016

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background African Americans are incarcerated at rates much higher than other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Objectives We sought to qualitatively explore the relationships between ongoing involvement in the criminal justice system and continued drug use in a population of urban and rural African American cocaine users in a southern state. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among African American cocaine users in Arkansas between 2010 and 2012. Participants resided in both rural (two counties located in the eastern Arkansas Mississippi delta region) and urban (the county including the capital city of Little Rock) areas. Results Numerous important themes emerged from participants’ narratives, including chronic involvement with the criminal justice system (being a “career criminal”), continued access to drugs while incarcerated, relapse, and reincarceration and lack of access to effective drug treatment. Conclusion/Importance The themes which emerged from our data speak to the collective experience that many substance using populations in the United States face in dealing with the criminal justice system. Our findings highlight the need to better, more holistic ways of engaging African American substance users in community based substance use treatment and supportive services.

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Incarceration, Prisoner Reentry, and Communities

Cited by 205 publications

References 95 publications

A natural experiment of the consequences of concentrating former prisoners in the same neighborhoods

A natural experiment of the consequences of concentrating former prisoners in the same neighborhoods

Geographic Variation in the Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment and Parental Imprisonment in the United States

The Criminal Justice Experience of African American Cocaine Users in Arkansas

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