Incense powder and particle emission characteristics during and after burning incense in an unventilated room setting

Višić, Bojana; Kranjc, Eva; Pirker, Luka; Bačnik, Urška; Tavčar, Gašper; Škapin, Srečo D.; Remškar, Maja

doi:10.1007/s11869-018-0572-6

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…All results presented above validate that the newly upgraded MALDA is a useful tool for estimating aerosol respiratory deposition for general spherical or compact particles such as the e‐cigarette aerosol in the environment. However, some health‐related aerosol in indoor or outdoor environments tends to have irregular shapes (including agglomerates and aggregates) such as fume and smoke generated by combustible cigarettes, incense burning, welding, and diesel combustion 27,36‐39 . These airborne particulate matters with irregular particle shapes may manifest distinct aerodynamic behaviors in the airstream from those of spherical or compact particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some health-related aerosol in indoor or outdoor environments tends to have irregular shapes (including agglomerates and aggregates) such as fume and smoke generated by combustible cigarettes, incense burning, welding, and diesel combustion. 27,[36][37][38][39] These airborne particulate matters with irregular particle shapes may manifest distinct aerodynamic behaviors in the airstream from those of spherical or compact particles. Thus, the resulting deposition fractions in the human respiratory tract could theoretically deviate from the ICRP convention curves.…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of E‐cigarette aerosol in human airways through passive vaping

Wong

Buu

2020

Indoor Air

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Secondary exposure to e‐cigarette aerosol (passive vaping) will soon become a pressing public health issue in the world. Yet, the current knowledge about respiratory depositions of e‐cigarette aerosol through passive vaping in human airways is limited due to critical weaknesses of traditional experimental methods. To fill in this important knowledge gap, this study proposed a special approach involving an upgraded Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) that consists of a set of human airway replicas including a head airway, tracheobronchial airways down to the 11th lung generation, and a representative alveolar section. In addition to the comprehensive coverage of human airways, the MALDA is easily transportable for providing efficient estimations of aerosol respiratory deposition. In this study, the MALDA was first evaluated in the laboratory and then applied to estimate the respiratory deposition associated with passive vaping in an indoor real‐life setting. The results showed that the respiratory deposition data aligned closely with the conventional respiratory deposition curves not only in the head‐to‐TB region but also in the alveolar region. The strengths of MALDA demonstrate great promise for a wide variety of applications in real‐life settings that could provide crucial information for future public health and indoor air quality studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of E‐cigarette aerosol in human airways through passive vaping

Wong

Buu

2020

Indoor Air

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“…The temple index in the living environment has a positive correlation with respiratory diseases, and the weight assigned to temples in our models emerged as an important sub-variable according to the PCA results. According to Višić et al, incense burning will lead to 20to 30-fold higher air pollution than background levels [30]. These authors further found that tick smoke emitted from heavy incense burning may promote the development of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong

Cai¹,

Wong²

2021

Atmosphere

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Incense burning is an important topic facing many countries in Asia. As a highly urbanized area, the overlapping of urban functional blocks in Hong Kong has resulted in many temples being located near residential and commercial areas. Therefore, the pollutants emitted by temples’ incense burning could cause severe health problems to the population. This study identified 366 Hong Kong temples and classified them into four categories: open, semi-closed, closed, and non-active, according to their incense burning characteristics. Among them, open temples have the largest average area and least quantity. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that building density, greenery density, water density, and temple weight are the most highly influencing factors. The temple weight is the only loading factor with a contributing factor from PC2, especially in 2006 and 2011. Furthermore, the linear regression model has been applied to analyze the correlation between variables. Although this study did not reach conclusive results about the actual impact of each temple type, the model results confirm that the temple is a sub-factor to respiratory mortality. This provides the theoretical foundation for government policy establishment of temple construction planning and community optimization in Asian cities.

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“…In the direct burning incense or incense sticks, the incense is either expelled, pressed into a structure, squeezed, or coated with supporting material [2,25]. This type of fragrance is produced from a moldable substrate that uses an aromatic finely ground (or liquid) fragrance material and an odorless adhesive [26,27]. The composition of such types of direct incense burning must be changed to produce a suitable fragrance of proper concentration for smoother burning.…”

Section: Direct-burning Of Incense and Incense Sticksmentioning

confidence: 99%