Incentive Mechanisms for Safe Driving: A Comparative Analysis with Dynamic Data

Dionne, Georges; Pinquet, Jean; Maisonneuve, Mathieu; Vanasse, Charles

doi:10.1162/rest_a_00054

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The same public enterprise is also in charge of the point-record license system. Dionne, Pinquet et al (2011) show that the new insurance pricing scheme introduced in 1992 reduced the number of traffic violations by 15%. They also verified that there is residual ex ante moral hazard in road safety management.…”

Section: Ex Post Moral Hazard Demand For Medical Services and Duratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model proposed by Dionne, Pinquet et al (2011) tests for an increasing link between traffic violations and the number of accumulated demerit points over time. Rejecting the positive link is evidence of moral hazard.…”

Section: Testing For Moral Hazard Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their data do not support the presence of moral hazard. Dionne, Pinquet et al (2011) extend their model and do not reject the presence of moral hazard, using a different data set. The potential presence of adverse selection in their data was not a real problem because all drivers must be insured for bodily injuries (see also Abbring et al, 2008, andRowell, 2011, for other tests of moral hazard).…”

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confidence: 93%

“…They do not reject moral hazard for a given group of policyholders, and do not reject asymmetric learning for younger drivers. The empirical methodologies of Dionne, Pinquet et al (2011) and Dionne, Michaud, Dahchour (2011) are reviewed in detail below.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Empirical Measure of Information Problems with Emphasis on Insurance Fraud and Dynamic Data

Dionne

2012

SSRN Journal

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The author would like to thank Marie-Gloriose Ingabire for her help with bibliographical research, and FQRSCQuebec and SSHRC-Canada for their financial support. He would also like to acknowledge the researchers who helped him develop several of the ideas on the subject over the years: J. Abstract:We discuss the difficult question of measuring the effects of asymmetric information problems on resource allocation. Three problems are examined: moral hazard, adverse selection, and asymmetric learning. One theoretical conclusion, drawn by many authors, is that information problems may introduce significant distortions into the economy. However, we verify, in different markets, that efficient mechanisms have been introduced in order to reduce these distortions and even eliminate, at the margin some residual information problems. This conclusion is stronger for pure adverse selection. One explanation is that adverse selection is related to exogenous characteristics, while asymmetric learning and moral hazard are due to endogenous actions that may change at any point in time. Dynamic data help to identify the three information problems by permitting causality tests.

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Section: Ex Post Moral Hazard Demand For Medical Services and Duratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing For Moral Hazard Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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The Empirical Measure of Information Problems with Emphasis on Insurance Fraud and Dynamic Data

Dionne

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…Abbring, Chiappori and Zavadil (2008) study dynamic incentives of experience-rated policy and find evidence of moral hazard in the Dutch auto insurance market. Using data from the Quebec public insurance plan, Dionne et al (2011) also find evidence that accumulated demerit points incentivize safer driving due to the threat of driver's license revocation. Furthermore, Dionne, Michaud and Dahchour (2013) use experience-rated, longitudinal survey data with dynamic information both on claims and accidents from France during the 1995-1997 period and find evidence of moral hazard among a subgroup of policyholders with on the road again: traffic fatalities and auto insurance minimums public sector economics 42 (1) 45-65 (2018) 49 less than 15 years of driving experience.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the road again: traffic fatalities and auto insurance minimums

Yakovlev

Orr-Magulick²

2018

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Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

Goel,

Tiwari,

Varghese

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundRoad Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence‐based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high‐income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge.ObjectivesThe objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels.Search MethodsThe EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019.Selection CriteriaThe interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post‐crash pre‐hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non‐fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes.Data Collection and AnalysisThe EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case‐control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2.Main ResultsThe EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post‐crash pre‐hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non‐fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety‐six percent of the studies were reported from high‐income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper‐middle‐income countries, and only 1.4% from lower‐middle and low‐income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality.Authors' ConclusionsThe EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence‐synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions.

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Incentive Mechanisms for Safe Driving: A Comparative Analysis with Dynamic Data

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

The Empirical Measure of Information Problems with Emphasis on Insurance Fraud and Dynamic Data

The Empirical Measure of Information Problems with Emphasis on Insurance Fraud and Dynamic Data

On the road again: traffic fatalities and auto insurance minimums

Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

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