Incentives and innovation? R&amp;D management in Germany’s chemical and electrical engineering industries around 1900

Burhop, Carsten; Lübbers, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2009.06.001

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Germany the exemplar case is knowledge and complementary capabilities in the chemicals industry (Murmann, 2003). Firms such as Badische Anilinund-Soda-Fabrik (BASF) and Bayer devoted large capital resources to R&D and to incentive mechanisms so that scientists developed the most appropriate types of new technical knowledge (Burhop and Lübbers, 2009). In the United States interactions between technology and organization led to the institutionalization of R&D (Mowery and Rosenberg, 1989).…”

Section: Randd Investment and Human Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology, innovation and economic growth in Britain since 1870

Nicholas¹

2014

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain

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This chapter examines technological change in Britain over the last 140 years. It analyzes the effects of patent laws and innovation prizes that were designed to promote technical progress. It explores the challenge associated with the changing organizational structure of innovation and the shift from independent invention to R&D activity taking place inside the boundaries of firms. And it also studies the development of British industrial science in universities and efforts to promote innovation through the formation of industry clusters. Overall, the evidence supports the traditional story of British failure in generating large payoffs from technological development. Although from the early 1970s Britain experienced a revival in the quality of innovation and improved productivity growth, structural weaknesses in the commercialization environment still remain.

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Section: Randd Investment and Human Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology, innovation and economic growth in Britain since 1870

Nicholas¹

2014

The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain

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“…When the German Patent Office opened in 1877, patent class 6 (beer, alcohol, wine, vinegar, and yeast) was one of the most important (Streb and others 2006). At the turn of the 20th century, rapid economic growth in Germany was partly attributed to the rise of the chemical industries that developed new technologies and paid bonuses to their employed inventors (Burhop and Lübbers 2010). Based on the review of the patent literature, Germany appeared to be in the strongest position to develop and apply the most innovative solutions for improving the quality of industrial baker's yeast at the beginning of the 20th century.…”

Section: Early Challenges For the 20th Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Early Patents on Baker's Yeast Manufacture

Gélinas¹

2010

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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In the 19th century, bread had a pronounced acidic taste and a nonuniform appearance, as shown by a review of 178 early patents families on baker's yeast manufacture. This was largely due to the unpredictable nature of baker's yeast, which was generally grown under empiric conditions in nonsterile dough or liquid prepared with saccharified cereals. Inventors were mainly interested in techniques to increase yields of pressed yeast through media formulation, infection control, and automation of biomass separation and packaging. Still in its infancy, baker's yeast technology was slow to develop and apply new ideas due to lack of awareness on information published in patents and the scientific literature. This review also gives background information on early patents.

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“…Il est supposé que si les agents sont payés sur la base de leur performance, ils vont accroître leur effort et donc leur productivité, ce qui est nommé dans la littérature "effet prix" ou encore "effet disciplinaire". Analysant les contrats des chercheurs employés dans trois entreprises d'ingénierie électriques et chimiques en Allemagne depuis 1900, Burhop et Lübbers (2010) semblent confirmer cette théorie. En effet, les auteurs ne trouvent pas d'impact d'une augmentation de salaires sur la productivité des inventeurs.…”

Section: Les Incitations Monétairesunclassified

Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé

Bonnard¹

2013

Recherches Économiques De Louvain

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RésuméL'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-firme de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-firme, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises soient prêtes à payer les connaissances acquises par les inventeurs au sein des autres entreprises. Par contre, l'utilisation de stock-options comme incitation pour les inventeurs semble moins répandue dans les entreprises françaises que dans les entreprises étrangères. AbstractInnovation has become a key factor for economic growth. The issue of incentives as to boost innovation within firms is thus essential. In this paper, we are interested to discriminate the type of monetary incentives received by the inventors in firms ; with particular attention to inter-firm mobility of the professional. The results show a significant positive wage premium for the inventors, this one is more important for inventors who have experienced past mobility events, which might suggest that firms are willing to pay the specific knowledge gained by the inventors before in other firms. Additionally we show that incentive stock options for inventors seems less common in firms located in France than abroad.Mot-clé: incitation, inventeur, score de propension

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Incentives and innovation? R&D management in Germany’s chemical and electrical engineering industries around 1900

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Technology, innovation and economic growth in Britain since 1870

Technology, innovation and economic growth in Britain since 1870

Mapping Early Patents on Baker's Yeast Manufacture

Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé

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