Incidence, aetiology and outcome of pleural empyema and parapneumonic effusion from 1998 to 2012 in a population of New Zealand children

Mahon, Caroline; Walker, Wendy; Drage, Alan; Best, Emma

doi:10.1111/jpc.13172

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…SA is the most common cause of osteomyelitis and the most commonly isolated cause of empyema. Rates of empyema due to SA increased steadily in South Auckland from 1998 to 2012 . The relatively low rate of MRSA (11%) is consistent with other data from NZ …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Community‐acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus: Uncovering disparities and the burden of disease in Auckland children

Vogel

Borland

Werf

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim Staphylococcus aureus (SA) causes serious invasive disease in children. Large studies have measured the incidence of SA bacteraemia, but there is less information on the total burden of community‐acquired invasive SA (iSA) in children. Methods A retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of Auckland resident children aged 0–14 years who were hospitalised with iSA between 2011 and 2015 was performed. Laboratory databases and SA‐related international classification of diseases 10 discharge codes were searched to identify community‐onset cases with SA isolated from a normally sterile site. Clinical records and coroner's reports were reviewed to determine clinical syndromes and exclude nosocomial infections. Results A total of 295 children with iSA were identified. The average annual incidence of iSA was 18.6 per 100 000 – for Pacific populations 44.3 per 100 000, Māori 24.3 per 100 000 and New Zealand European and other 8.8 per 100 000; 68% had bacteraemia. The incidence of iSA for Pacific infants was 10 times greater than non‐Māori/non‐Pacific (113.4/100 000 population vs. 11.8/100 000). Multivariate analysis found a higher risk of admission in Pacific children, males and those living in areas of high deprivation. Thirty‐two patients (10.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit; risk was higher in infants, Pacific children and those with respiratory infection (Relative Risk (RR) 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7–26.4) and multifocal (RR 6.9, 95% CI 3.4–13.8) and endovascular disease (RR 8.9, 95% CI 3.9–20.6). All deaths (n = 7) had respiratory infections, and four were patients <1 year of age. Conclusions Studies investigating SA bacteraemia alone significantly underestimate the total burden of iSA disease. There are marked ethnic and socio‐economic disparities in iSA disease among Auckland children. Pacific infants are at the highest risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Community‐acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus: Uncovering disparities and the burden of disease in Auckland children

Vogel

Borland

Werf

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…The high and increasing incidence of S. aureus as a causative organism, particularly in Indigenous communities, is quite concerning . This is similar to the New Zealand experience in Pacific and Maori children . However, in our cohort, nmMRSA predominated in the Indigenous communities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…15 This is similar to the New Zealand experience in Pacific and Maori children. 11 However, in our cohort, nmMRSA predominated in the Indigenous communities. This is consistent with published literature reporting higher prevalence of communityacquired nmMRSA infections in Indigenous populations in Australia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

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Paediatric thoracic empyema in the tropical North Queensland region of Australia: Epidemiological trends over a decade

Gautam¹,

Wiseman²,

Goodman³

et al. 2018

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen (38,(41)(42)(43), and the fatality rate is not more than 1% (1,42). However, staphylococcus aureus infection rate has been exhibiting an increasing trend recently (44). …”

Section: Antibiotic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious pleural effusion status and treatment progress

Yang

Zhang

2017

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Pleural cavity infection continuously seriously threatens human health with continuous medical progress. From the perspective of pathophysiology, it can be divided into three stages: exudative stage, fibrin exudation and pus formation stage, and organization stage. Due to the pathogenic bacteria difference of pleural cavity infection and pulmonary infection, it is very important for disease treatment to analyze the bacteria and biochemical characteristics of the infectious pleural effusion. Most prognoses of patients have been relatively good, while for some patients, the complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema could be evolved. Antibiotic treatment and sufficient drainage are the foundation for this treatment. No evidence can support the routine use of a fibrin agent. However, it has been reported that the plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease can be recommended to be applied in the pleural cavity. In case of failure on conservative medical treatment, operative treatment can be applied such as thoracoscopy and pleural decortication.According to the clinical characteristics of these patients, it is a key to research prognosis, as well as early evaluation and stratification, in the future.

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Incidence, aetiology and outcome of pleural empyema and parapneumonic effusion from 1998 to 2012 in a population of New Zealand children

Abstract: Childhood empyema incidence has increased markedly in South Auckland. Paediatric S. aureus empyema is becoming increasingly common in South Auckland. Pre-hospital antibiotic prescribing may mitigate the need for surgical intervention in our population.

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Community‐acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus: Uncovering disparities and the burden of disease in Auckland children

Community‐acquired invasive Staphylococcus aureus: Uncovering disparities and the burden of disease in Auckland children

Paediatric thoracic empyema in the tropical North Queensland region of Australia: Epidemiological trends over a decade

Infectious pleural effusion status and treatment progress

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