Incidence analysis of human leptospirosis in Brazil

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease that affects humans and animals with a higher incidence in the tropics and subtropics. In that context, the aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of the epidemiology and sociodemographic factors of human leptospirosis in Brazil. The analysis conducted in this study was based to age, gender, area, schooling, region and skin colour reported by Ministry of Health from National Disease Notification System (SINAN) and National Survey of Household Samples (PNAD) database of Brazil, during the period 2007 to 2014. A total of 22,889 cases were reported, the majority of which were registered in male and urban area, more than 70% and 80%, respectively. The greatest number of cases occur in patients with age group between 20-39 years. However, there was a significant increase in children between 0 and 9 (p = 2.8×10-7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) years old. The North region highlighted in relation to the other regions of the country, with a significant increase (p = 2.4×10-11) in the number of cases. An epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis is important in Brazil once the incidence of disease is increasing in children and the elderly. We also show are essential efforts between medical and governmental institutions to improve the quality of data. Understand the disease trends can be providing insights into the prevention and control of leptospirosis in Brazil and others development countries. Análise da incidência de leptospirose humana no Brasil RESUMO Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa negligenciada, que afeta humanos e animais com maior incidência nos países tropicais e subtropicais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência de análise temporal e fatores sociodemográficos da leptospirose em humana no Brasil. A análise realizada neste estudo foi baseada na idade, sexo, área, escolaridade, região e cor da pele. Os dados obtidos do Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Doenças (SINAN) organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD) do Brasil, durante no período de 2007 a 2014. Foram relatados 22.889 casos, sendo a maioria destes registrados em homens e em área urbana, mais de 70% e mais de 80% dos casos, respectivamente. O maior número de casos ocorreu em pacientes com faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos. No entanto, houve um aumento significativo em crianças com idade entre 0 e 9 (p = 2.8×10 7), 10 e 14 (p = 0.015) e 70 e 79 (p = 0.021) anos. A região Norte se destacou em relação as demais regiões do país, com um aumento significativo dos casos (p = 2.4×10-11). A vigilância epidemiológica da leptospirose no Brasil é importante, uma vez que a incidência da doença está aumentando em crianças e idosos. Também mostramos que são necessários esforços essenciais entre instituições médicas e governamentais para melhorar a qualidade dos dados. A análise de tendência temporal da doença pode fornecer informações sobre a prevenção e controle da leptospirose no Brasi...

Leptospirosis in Si Sa Ket, Thailand: Incidence and Factors of Death during 2010-2019

“…Consistent a study from Netherlands reported that those aged 45-64 years were found to be significantly associated with leptospirosis incidence (Rood et al, 2017). Similar to a study from Brazil that showed that the most cases of leptospirosis occurred in individuals aged from 20-39 years old, followed by those aged 40-59 years old (Silveira et al, 2020), a study from Malaysia reported that the most cases of leptospirosis found in aged 30-39 years (Benacer et al, 2016), a study from Mexico reported that the most cases occurred in aged 25-44 years (Sánchez-Montes et al, 2015). These age groups are at increased risk due to occupational exposure (Silveira et al, 2020), which is the working-aged was probably due to a frequent exposure with environmental risk factors for leptospirosis higher than other age group, which the study from Kuantan, Malaysia reported the aged 18-29 years had a preventive practice of leptospirosis better than the other age group (Aidid et al, 2018).…”

“…Additionally, there was a nearly significant linear relationship between higher household elevation and lower infection risk for each 10 meters increase in elevation (Hagan et al, 2016). Different from a study in Brazil reported that the local profile of human leptospirosis was predominantly associated with urban areas (Santos et al, 2017 andSilveira et al, 2020).…”