Incidence and clinical implications of late immune-related adverse events in long responders to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors: A multicenter study

Association between immune‐related adverse events and prognosis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: A surrogacy analysis

“…There is a survivor bias because of time exposure of ICI; long-term survivors are more exposed to ICI and are prone to experience irAE. In addition, when a patient develops an irAE, the time to irAE occurrence may influence OS; for example, in a series including 436 consecutive patients treated with anti-PDL1 antibodies, OS and PFS were not significantly reduced by the occurrence of late-irAE (i.e., >12 months) compared with early-irAE (≤12 months) [45]. These results were also confirmed in a recent study with a better survival in late-onset irAE in patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer [46].…”

Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs): Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

“…Studies that have reported frequency of multiorgan irAEs have cited incidences from 5% to 43% across multiple tumor types, encompassing both single-agent and multiagent ICI treatment modalities. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Interestingly, previously published reports have shown that the development of irAEs correlates with patient response rate and survival. 19,20 In a 2019 study, Cortellini et al 12 found that overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rates were higher among patients with NSCLC who experienced irAEs during treatment with anti-PD-1 agents; however, no significant difference in these endpoints was observed when comparing single-site versus multiple-site irAEs.…”