Incidence and correlates of high blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Birth to Twenty study

Meer, Romain; Boateng, Daniel; Klipstein‐Grobusch, Kerstin; Norris, Shane A.; Kagura, Juliana

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003004

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Of the 92 studies, 78 studies (84.6%) reported estimates for prevalence of pre-hypertension and/or elevated BP and/or HTN with only 2 studies reporting incidence of HTN ( Table 2 ). The incidence of HTN was estimated at 5% over 2 years ( 77 ) and 57 cases per 1,000 person-years ( 106 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Nsanya,

Abramson,

Kisigo

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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IntroductionHypertension (HTN) among adolescents is common in high-income countries, and leads to increased premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of HTN among adolescents, associated risk factors and CVD complications are not well-described. Such data is needed for planning public health programs to prevent premature CVD in SSA.MethodsWe systematically searched 5 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and African Index Medicus) from their establishment to December 2021. Key search terms were: adolescent, arterial hypertension, and names of the 48 countries in SSA. We used Covidence® to manage the search results. The review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) https://osf.io/p5sbt/.ResultsWe identified 4,008 articles out of which we screened 3,088 abstracts, and reviewed 583 full-text articles. We finally included 92 articles that were published between 1968 to December 2021. The majority were cross-sectional studies (80%) and conducted in school settings (78%). The risk of bias was low for 59 studies (64.1%), moderate for 29 studies (31.5%), and high for 4 studies (4.3%). Overall, the prevalence of HTN varied widely from 0.18% to 34.0% with a median (IQR) of 5.5% (3.1%, 11.1%). It was relatively higher in studies using automated blood pressure (BP) devices, and in studies defining HTN using thresholds based on percentile BP distribution for one's height, age, and sex. In addition, the prevalence of HTN was significantly higher in studies from Southern Africa region of SSA and positively correlated with the year of publication. Across studies, traditional risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and physical inactivity, were commonly found to be associated with HTN. In contrast, non-traditional risk factors related to poverty and tropical diseases were rarely assessed. Only three studies investigated the CVD complications related to HTN in the study population.ConclusionThe prevalence of HTN among adolescents in SSA is high indicating that this is a major health problem. Data on non-traditional risk factors and complications are scarce. Longitudinal studies are needed to clearly define the rates, causes, and complications of HTN.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://osf.io/p5sbt/, identifier (10.17605/OSF.IO/P5SBT).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Nsanya,

Abramson,

Kisigo

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review To review recent evidence on childhood hypertension across Africa, identifying knowledge gaps, challenges and priorities, and highlight clinical perspectives in managing primary hypertension. Recent Findings Only 15 of the 54 African countries reported on absolute blood pressure (BP) measures, elevated BP, pre- and/or hypertension. The reported hypertension prevalence ranged between 0.0 and 38.9%, while elevated BP and/or pre-hypertnesion ranged from 2.7 to 50.5%. Childhood BP nomograms are lacking across Africa and the rates of hypertension were based on guidelines developed in countries with the lowest to no number of children from African ancestry. The recent studies across Africa also showed little to no detail when reporting BP specific methodology. No recent data informing the use or effectiveness of antihypertensive agents in children and adolesents are available. Summary Childhood hypertension is on the rise, while data from Africa remains vastly under-represented. Collaborative research, resources, and policies need to be strengthened in addressing the growing public health concern of childhood onset hypertension on this continent.

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