Incidence and detection of parasitic infections by cyst and ova on fruits and vegetables from different major markets in Kogi, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract:In the course of a study of parasitic infections by cyst and ova on fruits and vegetable sold in middle-belt Nigeria, three different major public markets was selected. Six different fruits and vegetables total to 2406 samples were examined.Data obtained were statistically analyzed using anova for the level of significance difference where appropriate. Of the 1755 fruits examined, 4.3% were positive for parasites ova and 2.5% for cysts. Of the 761 vegetables examined, 4.6% were positive for parasites ova and 2.8% for cysts.The contamination rate of protozoan cyst and ova found are Giardia lamblia (2.61%) Entamoebs histolytica (0.66%). The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Cases of contamination rate of protozoan cyst and ova were small compared to helminthic contamination. However, helminths such as Strongylodies stercoralis Trichiuris trachura and Ascaris lumbricoides were predominant in that order. The public health implication on the subjects is discussed. Through washing of all fruits and vegetables with clean water prior to consumption is recommended.

Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review

“…Contrarily, Hassan et al . (2012) and Omowaye and Audu (2012) showed no difference between the contamination rates found at the various markets; this could be explained, in part, by the various sources from which vegetables are brought to these markets.…”

“…Furthermore, Lass et al (2012) proved that the cultivation of vegetables in farms where the contact with feline feces is more probable increase the risk of contamination with T. gondii. Contrarily, Hassan et al (2012) and Omowaye and Audu (2012) showed no difference between the contamination rates found at the various markets; this could be explained, in part, by the various sources from which vegetables are brought to these markets.…”

“…Furthermore, Lass et al, (2012) proved that the cultivation of vegetables in farms where the contact with feline feces is more probable increase the risk of contamination with T. gondii. Contrarily, Hassan et al, (2012); Omowaye and Audu, (2012) showed no difference between the contamination rates found at the various markets, this could be explained, in part, by the various sources from which vegetables are brought to these markets. -With distilled water/0.01% Tween 20, with shaking at 100rpm for 2h; -Vegetables were removed, and solutions of 1M CaCl 2 and 1M NaHCO 3 were added with shaking, then the pH was adjusted to 10 using 1M NaOH; -The mixture was left over night (without shaking); -The supernatant was discarded, and the pellet suspended in 10% NH 3 O 3 S solution;…”

Parasitic Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Selected Local Markets in Abuja, North Central Nigeria

“…Fruits and vegetable contamination by multiple parasite species observed in this study might indicate the possibility of high-level contamination of fruits and vegetables, which perhaps results in multiple parasitic infections in humans (Bekele et al, 2017). It might also indicate the persistence of intestinal parasitic infections in the area (Omowaye & Audu, 2012). The detection of these geohelminth and protozoancysts, ova/ larvae on fruits and vegetables in the studied markets, has a significant public health implication (T Auta et al, 2017).…”

“…This finding was similar to previous reports in Alexandria, Egypt(El Said Said, 2012), and in Ardabil, Iran (Daryani, Ettehad, Sharif, Ghorbani, & Ziaei, 2008), where the contamination rates were (31.7%)and (29%), respectively. Lower rates of contamination in the Middle East were detected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (16.2%) (Al-Megrin, 2010); and Burdur, Turkey (6.3%) (Adanir & Tasci, 2013).Higher contamination rates were detected in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia(39.1%) (Alemu et al, 2020); Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia (Endale, Tafa, Bekele, & Tesfaye, 2018); Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia (54.4%) (Bekele et al, 2017); Kogi state, Nigeria (Omowaye & Audu, 2012); Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia (Tefera et al, 2014); and Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia (Tefera et al, 2014); Ghana (36%) (Amoah, Drechsel, Abaidoo, & Ntow, 2006); Jos, Nigeria (36%) (Damen et al, 2007); Tripoli, Libya (58%) (Abougrain, Nahaisi, Madi, Saied, & Ghenghesh, 2010); and Kisli, Kenya (75.9%) (Nyarango et al, 2008) (Nyarango, Aloo, Kabiru, & Nyanchongi, 2008; and the highest rate was detected in Khorramabad, Iran (79%) (Ezatpour, Chegeni, Abdollahpour, Aazami, & Alirezaei, 2013).…”