Incidence and etiology of thyroid disorders in children

Yelluri, Sailendra Kumar

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20161045

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There was a slight female preponderance in the cases seen in the index study as has been documented in many other studies 6 14 15 except the Port Harcourt study 7 in which the thyroid disorders seen were 1.7 times more common in males. The reasons for this difference are not immediately obvious but may be related to the age groups of the patients and the predominant specific thyroid disorders encountered in the various studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The percentage of patients with hyperthyroidism in the current study is similar to the rate of 11.1% reported by Yelluri. 14 This is lower than the rates of 27.8%–66.7% documented in previous Nigerian studies 4 6 7 but higher than the rate of 2% documented by Desai 24 in India. These differences might be related to the specific causes of hyperthyroidism and genetic and environmental influences in the various studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The youngest patient reported in our study was seen at 7 h of age. However, the youngest age at presentation from other Nigerian studies 4 6 7 varied from 5 days to 4 months while another Indian study by Yelluri 14 recorded the youngest age at presentation as “<1 month.” Variation in age at presentation may be related to the nonavailability of newborn screening for hypothyroidism and awareness among both health workers and the general populace in these settings. Furthermore, synergy between the physicians managing the pregnant mothers with thyroid disorders may affect how early the newborns of such mothers are screened for thyroid disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The proportion of the patients managed for CH in the present study (46.7%) approximates that of 50% reported by Jaja and Yarhere. 7 Previous reports from Nigeria 6 and India 14 had also reported significant percentages of 22%, despite being lower. The main presenting features of poor growth, delayed development, and excessive sleepiness and sluggishness were also common in the above Nigerian studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“… 7 This is, however, lower than the percentage of 47.5% documented by Yelluri. 14 Both goitrous (Hashimoto thyroiditis) and nongoitrous (atrophic thyroiditis) variants of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis are common causes of AH. 16 The most common age at presentation is adolescence, but the disease may occur at any age, 16 as seen in our study where the age ranged from 3 to 13 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a 10-year period

Oyenusi

Ajayi²,

Akeredolu

et al. 2017

Niger Med J

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Introduction:Thyroid disorders account for a large proportion of pediatric endocrine disorders. Untreated hypothyroidism in childhood has permanent adverse effects on physical, intellectual, and neurological development. However, few studies have reported the pattern of pediatric thyroid disorders in Nigeria.Objectives:The objective of this study was to document the pattern of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) over a 10-year period.Participants and Methods:This is a retrospective descriptive study involving children with thyroid disorders seen from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015.Results:Seventy-one patients with thyroid disorders (0.13%) were seen out of 52,800 new cases (incidence of 1/1000 new cases) comprising 13.4% of 546 pediatric endocrine cases with a male:female ratio of 1:1.2. Median (range) age at presentation was 1.6 (0.001–14) years. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) constituted a major proportion of cases (46.7%), with a median (range) age at presentation of 9 (1.5–24) months. Down syndrome constituted 45% of patients with CH with associated congenital heart defects in eight (53%) patients. Acquired hypothyroidism was seen in ten patients (five goitrous and five nongoitrous). Six patients had hypothyroidism associated with multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. Nine patients (all females) had hyperthyroidism with confirmed Graves' disease in 5 (55.6%), with mean age at presentation being 9.4 ± 2.09 years. Other conditions were euthyroid sick syndrome (2.8%), euthyroid goiter (1.4%), and acute thyroiditis (1.4%). Eight infants of mothers on treatment for hyperthyroidism ( first seen between the 7th h of life to 2 months of age) had transient hypothyroidism while one 8-day-old had transient hyperthyroidism.Conclusion:CH was the most common disorder encountered with late age at presentation. Routine newborn screening and maintaining a high index of suspicion are advocated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a 10-year period

Oyenusi

Ajayi²,

Akeredolu

et al. 2017

Niger Med J

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Hürthle cell metaplasia in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: Role of age factor and review of literature on its molecular pathogenesis

Das

2018

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Objectives Hürthle cell (HC) metaplasia is an important feature of chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto) thyroiditis (HT). However, it is rarely observed in juvenile form HT. In a study based on fine needle aspiration cytology, the cytomorphological difference between pediatric HT and its adult form was studied, with special attention on HC metaplasia and its pathogenesis. Materials and methods The frequency of following 12 cytomorphological features in 16 pediatric and 104 adult HT cases were compared: follicular cells, lymphoid cells, HCs, plasma cells, lympho‐histiocytic aggregates, epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, fire‐flare appearance, colloid, intracytoplasmic lumen (ICL) with or without colloid inclusion, paravacuolar granules, and cyst cells. The age decade distribution of HC metaplasia was analyzed. Results Significant difference was observed between pediatric HT and its adult form in respect of HC metaplasia and ICL with colloid inclusion in HC. HC were present in 7 (43.8%) of pediatric and 94 (90.4%) of adult HT cases (P = 0.00006). 1 (6.3%) pediatric and 35 (33.7%) adult HT cases had ICL with colloid inclusion in HC (P = 0.03698). As compared to first two decades of life, significantly higher number of cases revealed HC metaplasia in every decade from third decade onwards (P = 0.01290–0.00009); however, the difference in respect of ICL with colloid inclusions attained significance during sixth decade only (P = 0.00235). Conclusions Hürthlization, which appears to be survival response, is rare in pediatric HT and becomes more pronounced starting from third decade onwards; significant increase in ICL with colloid inclusion is a much more delayed phenomenon.

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Interplay between metabolic and thyroid parameters in obese pubertal children. Does visceral adipose tissue make the first move?

Răcătăianu

Leach

Bolboacă

et al. 2019

Acta Clinica Belgica

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Incidence and etiology of thyroid disorders in children

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Pattern of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a 10-year period

Pattern of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a 10-year period

Hürthle cell metaplasia in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: Role of age factor and review of literature on its molecular pathogenesis

Interplay between metabolic and thyroid parameters in obese pubertal children. Does visceral adipose tissue make the first move?

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