Incidence and interpretation of statistical suppression in psychological research.

Gutierrez, Naomi Martinez; Cribbie, Robert A.

doi:10.1037/cbs0000267

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A suppressor variable is one which increases the predictive validity of another variable by its inclusion in the regression equation (Conger, 1974), whereby predictive validity refers to the magnitude of the regression coefficient. Thus, in case of suppression, the magnitude of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable increases when the suppressor variable is added to the regression equation (MacKinnon et al, 2000;Martinez Gutierrez & Cribbie, 2021). In our study, we expected qualitative challenge and hindrance demands to act as suppressor variables regarding the relationship between time pressure and work engagement as well as time pressure and self-esteem.…”

Section: Suppressor Variablesmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Challenging and Hindering Potential of Time Pressure: Qualitative Job Demands as Suppressor Variables

et al. 2022

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This study aims at resolving the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of time pressure on work engagement and personal resources by considering time pressure’s qualitative sources. Specifically, using the notion of statistical suppression, we argue that qualitative challenge and hindrance demands operate as suppressor variables and thus determine whether time pressure itself exerts a challenging or hindering potential. To test our assumptions, we conducted a daily diary study over the course of one workweek in a sample of 396 employees. We tested our hypotheses at the day-level. Results of multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that when controlling for qualitative challenge demands, time pressure positively related to exhaustion, but negatively related to work engagement and self-esteem. Suppression was significant. In contrast, when controlling for qualitative hindrance demands, time pressure was unrelated to work engagement, negatively related to self-esteem, and positively related to exhaustion, whereby qualitative hindrance demands did not act as a suppressor variable at the day-level. Additional analyses revealed that qualitative challenge and hindrance demands operated as suppressor variables at the person-level. In summary, when qualitative challenge demands were controlled for, time pressure operated as a hindrance demand. Yet, when qualitative hindrance demands were controlled for, time pressure operated as a challenge demand at the person-level. Our findings outline the need to account for the quality of work when assessing time pressure’s effects and further highlight the relevance of suppressor variables within the field of occupational health psychology.

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Section: Suppressor Variablesmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Challenging and Hindering Potential of Time Pressure: Qualitative Job Demands as Suppressor Variables

et al. 2022

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“…Social support was positively associated with somatic symptoms in the multivariate model, despite being associated with fewer somatic symptoms in the bivariate analysis (Supplemental File 2 ). This was due to negative suppression, which happens when controlling for a third variable reverses the sign of another predictor variable [ 66 ]. In this case, only when self-esteem was in the regression did social support have a positive coefficient rather than the expected negative coefficient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Black-White Mental Health Paradox During the Coronavirus Pandemic

LaMotte

Elliott

Mouzon

2022

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Black Americans have lower rates of depression and anxiety than Whites, despite greater exposure to stressors known to negatively impact mental health, characterized as the Black-White mental health paradox. This study revisited the paradox during the coronavirus pandemic. Drawing on stress process theory, minority stress theory, and the rejection-identification model of discrimination, in-group identity, and well-being, we analyzed original survey data from a quota sample of African American and White adults ( N = 594). The survey included a range of stressors and coping resources, including those relevant to the pandemic (e.g., COVID-19 illness) and race (e.g., witnessing anti-Black police violence). Results indicate that despite African Americans’ greater exposure and vulnerability to racial discrimination, the Black-White mental health paradox holds, owing in part to protective effects of African American’s higher self-esteem. Directions for future exploration of the paradox are presented based on this study’s findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01457-6.

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“…Wurm and Fisicaro (2014) concluded from a study on multicollinearity in psycholinguistic research, "[…] suppression does not indicate computational problems or model instability" (p. 47). The debate on suppression effects could be important because a recent literature review showed that one-third of the publications in psychology journals contain evidence of statistical suppression effects (Martinez Gutierrez & Cribbie, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Makes Domain Knowledge Difficult? Word Usage Frequency From SUBTLEX and dlexDB Explains Knowledge Item Difficulty

Ludewig¹,

Alscher²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The quality of tests in psychological and assessment educational is of great scholarly and public interest. Item difficulty models are vital to generating test result interpretations based on evidence. A major determining factor of item difficulty in knowledge tests is the opportunity to learn about the facts and concepts in question. Knowledge is mainly conveyed through language. Exposure to language associated with facts and concepts might be an indicator of the opportunity to learn. Thus, we hypothesize that item difficulty in knowledge tests should be related to the probability of exposure to the item content in everyday life and/or academic settings and therefore also to word frequency. Results from a study with 99 political knowledge test items administrated to N = 250 German 7th (age: 11 – 14 years) and 10th (age: 15 – 18 years) graders showed that word frequencies in everyday settings (SUBTLEX-DE) explain variance in item difficulty, while word frequencies in academic settings (dlexDB) alone do not. However, both types of word frequency combined explain a considerable amount of the variance in item difficulty. Items with words that are relatively more frequent in everyday life compared to academic settings are easier, and items with words that are relatively more frequent in academic settings are more difficult. Difficult items have content that is rarely present in everyday settings and is instead more cultivated academically. Examining word frequency from different language settings can help researchers investigate test score interpretations and is a useful tool for predicting item difficulty and refining knowledge test items.

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Incidence and interpretation of statistical suppression in psychological research.

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

The Challenging and Hindering Potential of Time Pressure: Qualitative Job Demands as Suppressor Variables

The Challenging and Hindering Potential of Time Pressure: Qualitative Job Demands as Suppressor Variables

Revisiting the Black-White Mental Health Paradox During the Coronavirus Pandemic

What Makes Domain Knowledge Difficult? Word Usage Frequency From SUBTLEX and dlexDB Explains Knowledge Item Difficulty

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