Incidence and morphometry of caroticoclinoid foramina in Greek dry human skulls

Efthymiou, Evgenia; Thanopoulou, V.; Kozompoli, Dimitra; Kanellopoulou, Vasiliki; Fratzoglou, Moschos; Mytilinaios, D.; Piagkou, Maria; Johnson, Elizabeth O.

doi:10.1007/s00701-018-3607-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This finding likely reflects the nature of the posterior petroclinoid ligament, which is in fact a fold of dura mater (rather than a true ligament) that arises from the fixed portions of the tentorial incisura, and calcification of the dura is generally rarely seen in children [ 18 , 19 , 70 ]. There was no significant difference in the rate of ligamentous mineralisation amongst the largest ethnic groups included within the study; however, variance exists in the literature with higher rates of observed mineralisation in some (particularly Greek) populations, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition [ 14 , 30 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Mineralised of these ‘sellar bridges’ was relatively commonly encountered within the studied population (22.1% and 17.5%, respectively). Whilst the incidence of caroticoclinoid mineralisation reflects the majority of prior studies (12–35.67% [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 26 – 29 , 31 – 37 ]), there were some outliers [ 14 , 30 ]. The incidence of interclinoid ligamentous mineralisation was higher in the current study than in many prior studies (4–11.8% [ 2 , 12 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 36 , 37 , 39 ]), which may be secondary to the relatively long and exposed nature of the interclinoid ligament that could make it vulnerable to loss during the preparation of dry skulls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“… Dagtekin et al [ 29 ] 15 cadaveric heads + 25 dry skulls Turkey – 10% 15% – Neurosurgical implications. Efthymiou et al [ 30 ] 76 dry skulls Greece Adults 69.3% (of ossified ligaments)—equivalent of 46% of total 30.7% (of ossified ligaments)—equivalent of 20.4% total** 74% Neurosurgical implications. Erturk, Kayalioglu, and Govsa [ 31 ], 119 dry skulls + 52 cadaveric heads Turkey – 14.91 8.77%** 35.67% Neurosurgical implications and relationship with cavernous sinus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

et al. 2019

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Objectives To determine the frequency, morphologic and demographic characteristics, and clinical relevance of the mineralisation of six skull base ligaments (interclinoid, caroticoclinoid, petrosphenoid, posterior petroclinoid, pterygospinous, and pterygoalar). Methods This is a retrospective review of 240 CT scans of the paranasal sinuses (ages 6–80 years). A limited systematic review was performed primarily using Embase and Medline databases. Results Ligamentous mineralisation was well delineated on CT and occurred at ≥ 1 location in 58.3% of patients. There was a nonsignificant trend towards a greater incidence with advancing age. The interclinoid and posterior petroclinoid ligaments were most commonly mineralised (22.1% and 18.3%, respectively); the petrosphenoid and pterygoalar ligaments were least frequently mineralised (10.8% and 6.3%, respectively). The mean age of patients with posterior petroclinoid mineralisation was significantly greater than those with interclinoid and petrosphenoid mineralisation and was not seen in patients aged 6–20 years. The literature review highlighted the clinically relevant potential for mineralised ligaments to cause barriers to surgical access (e.g. to the foramen ovale), increase the risk of neurovascular injury during surgery at the skull base (e.g. during anterior clinoidectomy), and predispose to neural impingement. Conclusions Skull base ligamentous mineralisation is commonly encountered on CT imaging. Given the potentially significant clinical implications, an understanding of the morphological appearances is of importance to those planning interventions at the skull base. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively evaluate such a wide range of skull base ligaments using CT. For some ligaments, the incidence on CT has not been previously described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

et al. 2019

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“…The total CcB frequency, including complete and incomplete forms, has been reported to vary in different population groups and countries: India—12.00% [ 7 ], 16.4% [ 9 ] and 22.2% [ 10 ]; South Korea—15.7% [ 11 ]; Japan—16.6% [ 12 ]; Bosnia and Herzegovina—16.8% [ 13 ]; UK—17.5% including mixed type 2.5% [ 14 ]; Nepal—20% [ 15 ]; Turkey—34.2% [ 16 ], 35.3% [ 17 ] and 35.7% [ 18 ]; USA—34.8% [ 5 ]; and Greece—60.16% [ 19 ] and 74% [ 20 ]. Our results show that the total CcB frequency in contemporary Bulgarians is 14.3% (11.5% in males and 17.1% in females), i.e., the CcB in Bulgarians is observed more infrequently than in most of the studied populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous Bridges of the Sphenoid Bone: Frequency, Bilateral and Sex Distribution

Nikolova

Toneva

Zlatareva

et al. 2023

Biology

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Sellar (caroticoclinoid and interclinoid), pterygospinous and pterygoalar bridges are osseous bars of the sphenoid bone, which enclose additional foramina in the skull base and could cause entrapment of nerves, occlusion of vessels and obstruction of surgical corridors. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of sphenoid bone bridges in Bulgarians and to assess the bilateral and sex differences in their distribution. This study was performed on head CT scans of 315 Bulgarians, 148 males and 167 females. The sellar bridges were the most common type of sphenoid bridging; particularly the caroticoclinoid bridge. The pterygospinous bridge was a relatively common finding and the pterygoalar bridge was the most infrequent type of bridging. The total frequency of sellar bridges did not differ significantly between both sides and sexes. The pterygospinous bridge did not indicate significant bilateral differences but showed considerable sex differences concerning the left-side occurrence, which was significantly higher in the male series. There were no considerable bilateral and sex differences in the distribution of the pterygoalar bridging. There were no significant correlations between the different types of sphenoid bone bridges, but each type of bridging showed significant positive correlations between the right and left side co-occurrence in males and females.

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“…In this sense, the presence of these bone rings implies a medial fixation of the ACP, complicating anterior clinoidectomy and increasing the risk of injury to adjacent structures (Prathiba et al; JaiSankar et al; Skandalakis et al; Touska et al). As for ICA pathologies, the presence of CF impairs mobilization of the cavernous segment and can compress it, possessing considerable clinical significance (Efthymiou et al, 2018;Prathiba et al). In addition, there is a necessity for other maneuvers to access aneurysms in the ICA when the CF and IF are present, which increases the risk of a vascular rupture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analyses of the Caroticoclinoid and Interclinoid Foramina: A Study in Brazilian Dry Skulls

et al. 2021

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The caroticoclinoid (CF) and the interclinoid (IF) foramina are variant formations of the middle cranial fossa, which result from idiopathic and possibly atavistic ossifications of the caroticoclinoid and interclinoid ligaments, respectively. Topographically, these foramina are intimately associated, to varying degrees, depending on their conformations, with the neurovascular elements of the paraclinoid region and have important clinical and surgical significance. Thus, this study, conducted from 38 dry skulls belonging to the shared collection of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares campus, revealed 11 skulls (28.95 %) with one of the two complete formations -the caroticoclinoid or the interclinoid, and in 6 skulls the caroticoclinoid foramen occurred uni or bilaterally. As a result, 50 % of these skulls presented the CF exclusively on the right (or 62.5 % of the total number of variant foramina), with an average transverse diameter of 4.91 mm and 5.8 mm AP (anteroposterior) diameter and an average area of 22.5 mm 2 . Concerning the IF, the findings occurred in 5 skulls with variable distributions between the clinoid processes and lateralities. The average length of the bone bridges in the IF was 7.7 mm. In conclusion, detailed anatomical knowledge of the caroticoclinoid and the interclinoid foramina is fundamental to the practice of neurosurgical procedures, since they have intimate relationships at a location of high structural complexity.

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Incidence and morphometry of caroticoclinoid foramina in Greek dry human skulls

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

Osseous Bridges of the Sphenoid Bone: Frequency, Bilateral and Sex Distribution

Morphometric Analyses of the Caroticoclinoid and Interclinoid Foramina: A Study in Brazilian Dry Skulls

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