Incidence and mortality from adverse effects of medical treatment in the UK, 1990–2013: levels, trends, patterns and comparisons

Abstract

ObjectiveTo present an update on incidence and mortality from adverse effects (AEs) of medical treatment in the UK, its four countries and nine English regions between 1990 and 2013.DesignDescriptive epidemiological study on AEs of medical treatment. AEs are shown as a single cause-of-injury category from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study.Data sourcesThe GBD 2013 interactive data visualisation tools ‘Epi Visualisation’ and ‘GBD Compare’.Outcome measuresThe means of incidence and mortality rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The estimates are age-standardised.ResultsIncidence rate was 175 and 176 cases per 100 000 men, 173 and 174 cases per 100 000 women in 1990 and 2013, in the UK (UI 170–180). The mortality from AEs declined from 1.33 deaths (UI 0.99–1.5) to 0.92 deaths (UI 0.75–1.2) per 100 000 individuals in the UK between 1990 and 2013 (30.8% change). Although mortality trends were descending in every region of the UK, they varied by geography and gender. Mortality rates in Scotland, North East England and West Midlands were highest. Mortality rates in South England and Northern Ireland were lowest. In 2013, age-specific mortality rates were higher in males in all 20 age groups compared with females.ConclusionsDespite gains in reducing mortality from AEs of medical treatment in the UK between 1990 and 2013, the incidence of AEs remained the same. The results of this analysis suggest revising healthcare policies and programmes aimed to reduce incidence of AEs in the UK.

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“…4,5 It is commonly reported that the incidence of bladder cancer in men is much higher than that in women, which is strongly associated with CS. 6 There are more than 60 established carcinogens, which have been classified into five major groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nicotine-derived nitrosamines, azaarenes, miscellaneous organic compounds, and inorganic compounds. Various molecular mechanisms have been proposed for CSinduced carcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms of smoking leading to bladder cancer development are still not well understood.…”

Global Incidence and Mortality Trends due to Adverse Effects of Medical Treatment, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study

“…Incidence in this article refers to the number of new cases or individuals who experience an AEMT event during a particular time period. Estimation of incidence is carried out by taking the number of new cases in a year, which is then divided by the mid-year population of that country [12].…”

“…However, limited data exist on the levels, trends and patterns of the causes and effects of AEMT globally and in each region as defined by WHO over a specific period. Earlier reports relating to patient safety and AEMT were primarily based on random reviews of selected medical records and hospitals during a specific time [11,12]. Therefore the present study aims to analyze global and region-specific patterns of incidence and mortality, and predict possible emerging trends due to AEMT using the GBD injuries and risk factor study for the period 1990-2017.…”

Errors in the administration and use of medications

“…It is estimated that a quarter of them are preventable. 10,13 A study published in 2019 shows an annual rate of death due to adverse events of medical treatment from 4180 in 1990, to 5180 in 2016 and in total during this period they were estimated 123,603 deaths for this cause. 17…”