Incidence and Prevalence of Chlamydia, Herpes, and Viral Hepatitis in a Homeless Adolescent Population

Noell, John; Rohde, Paul; Ochs, Linda; Yovanoff, Paul; Alter, Miriam J.; Schmid, Scott; Bullard, Janice C.; Black, Carolyn

doi:10.1097/00007435-200101000-00003

Cited by 111 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, one constant found among all street youth is their precarious living conditions, which include poverty, residential instability and emotional and psychological vulnerability. 2,5 These conditions may lead to behaviour that expose street youth to STIs and blood-borne infections, substance use and abuse.…”

Section: Street Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] The prevalence (overall cases) and incidence (new cases) rates of many STIs and blood-borne infections are reported to be 10 to 12 times higher in street youth than in youth of the same age group among the general population. 5 A study on street youth in Montréal found that almost one-half (45.8%) had injected drugs. Street youth were also found to be 11 times more likely to die of drug overdose and suicide 15 than general population youth.…”

Section: Canadian Street Youth: a Vulnerable Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experience of Emotional Stress and Resilience in Street-Involved Youth: The Need for Early Mental Health Intervention

McCay

2011

hcq

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Street Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canadian Street Youth: a Vulnerable Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience of Emotional Stress and Resilience in Street-Involved Youth: The Need for Early Mental Health Intervention

McCay

2011

hcq

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Elimination of HBV infection in our population would require universal immunization. Given the high prevalence of HBV infection in streetinvolved youth 10,11,14 and their relatively low level of immunity, efforts to improve HBV vaccine coverage in street-involved youth is important. The primary challenge in the prevention and control of HBV infection in this population is to enhance access to health care given their mobility.…”

Section: Vaccine-induced Immunity To Hepatitis B Among Canadian Streementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These social and contextual factors may also place them at higher risk for practices that are associated with the transmission of sexually transmitted blood-borne infections (STBBIs), including HBV. 10,11 Furthermore, since effective immunization against HBV requires at least two consecutive vaccinations over the course of 6 months, it is often difficult to complete the full vaccination schedule for this hard-to-reach population at high risk for HBV infection. While several studies suggest that the prevalence of HBV infection is more than ten times higher among street-involved youth than that observed in general youth population, 10,11,14 few studies have focused on the proportion of having vaccine-induced immunity to HBV in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Furthermore, since effective immunization against HBV requires at least two consecutive vaccinations over the course of 6 months, it is often difficult to complete the full vaccination schedule for this hard-to-reach population at high risk for HBV infection. While several studies suggest that the prevalence of HBV infection is more than ten times higher among street-involved youth than that observed in general youth population, 10,11,14 few studies have focused on the proportion of having vaccine-induced immunity to HBV in this population. This present analysis was performed to examine trends in the proportion of street-involved youth who have vaccine-induced immunity to HBV and associated determinants in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends in Vaccine-induced Immunity to Hepatitis B among Canadian Street-involved Youth

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Canada, universal and publicly funded hepatitis B immunization programs have been available since 1998 in all provinces and territories. This present study estimates the proportion of having vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its associated determinants among street-involved youth aged at 15-24 years old in Canada using the data collected by the Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth. Vaccine-induced immunity was identified by blood test results of anti-HBc negative and anti-HBs positive. Of the 4,035 participants included in this study, the overall proportion of those with vaccine-induced immunity to HBV was 51.7% during the study period compared to over 90% among the general adolescent population. The proportion of street-involved youth immunized with HBV vaccine increased from 34.7% in 1999 to 64.4% in 2005. Immunity was higher among females (aOR=1.43, 1.17-1.75) and among those with a reported history of sexually transmitted infection (aOR=1.30, 1.03-1.63). The proportion of youth with the immunity decreased as age increased (aOR=0.78, 0.76-0.81, per year increase). Despite an overall increase in the proportion of Canadian street-involved youth with vaccineinduced immunity to HBV, the proportion was still significantly lower than that observed in the general adolescent population. This highlights the need to improve the access to basic health care and the immunization programs to HBV for street-involved youth through creative outreach programs and other multi-faceted approaches.

show abstract

A Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Condoms in Preventing HSV-2 Acquisition

Martin¹,

Krantz²,

Gottlieb³

et al. 2009

Arch Intern Med

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The degree of effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), is uncertain. We performed a large pooled analysis to address this question. Methods We identified prospective studies with individual-level condom use data and laboratory-defined HSV-2 acquisition. Six studies were identified through a review of publications through 2007: three candidate HSV-2 vaccine studies, an HSV-2 drug study, an observational STD incidence study and a behavioral STD intervention study. Study investigators provided us individual-level data to perform a pooled analysis. Effect of condom use was modeled using a continuous percent of sex acts during which a condom was used and, alternatively, using absolute number of unprotected sex acts. Results A total of 5384 people who were HSV-2 negative at baseline contributed 2,040,894 follow-up days. 415 persons acquired laboratory-documented HSV-2 during follow-up. Consistent (100%) condom users had a 30% lower risk of HSV-2 acquisition compared to those who never used condoms (hazard ratio: 0.70; 95 percent confidence interval: 0.40, 0.94; p = 0.01). Risk for HSV-2 acquisition increased steadily and significantly with each unprotected sex act (hazard ratio: 1.16; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.08, 1.25); p < 0.001). Condom effectiveness did not vary by gender. Conclusions This is the largest analysis using prospective data to assess the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Although the magnitude of protection was not as large as has been observed with other STIs, we found that condoms offer moderate protection against HSV-2 acquisition in men and women.

show abstract

Incidence and Prevalence of Chlamydia, Herpes, and Viral Hepatitis in a Homeless Adolescent Population

Cited by 111 publications

References 24 publications

Experience of Emotional Stress and Resilience in Street-Involved Youth: The Need for Early Mental Health Intervention

Experience of Emotional Stress and Resilience in Street-Involved Youth: The Need for Early Mental Health Intervention

Trends in Vaccine-induced Immunity to Hepatitis B among Canadian Street-involved Youth

A Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Condoms in Preventing HSV-2 Acquisition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About