Incidence and prevalence of self‐reported non‐coeliac wheat sensitivity and gluten avoidance in Australia

Potter, Michael; Jones, Michael; Walker, Marjorie M.; Koloski, Natasha A.; Keely, Simon; Holtmann, Gerald; Ac, Nicholas J Talley

doi:10.5694/mja2.50458

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Others avoided gluten for "general health" or as a treatment of abdominal pain, without being diagnosed with CeD or NCGS. The authors considered that gluten avoidance may be due to the current well-being trend and that NCGS may overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders [34]. Additionally, we observed that the NCGS group reported more gut symptoms per subjects when compared to CeD and healthy controls (p = 0.045).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This may be an indication that they are not aware of the composition of GFD. According to a recent survey study of Potter et al [34], 24% of responded Australians avoided gluten completely or partially, while 14% had self-reported non celiac wheat sensitivity and 1% had celiac disease. Others avoided gluten for "general health" or as a treatment of abdominal pain, without being diagnosed with CeD or NCGS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet, Perceived Intestinal Well-Being and Compositions of Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Oat-Using Subjects with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

et al. 2020

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A gluten-free diet may result in high fat and low fiber intake and thus lead to unbalanced microbiota. This study characterized fecal microbiota profiles by 16S MiSeq sequencing among oat-using healthy adult subjects (n = 14) or adult subjects with celiac disease (CeD) (n = 19) or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) (n = 10). Selected microbial metabolites, self-reported 4d food diaries and perceived gut symptoms were compared. Subjects with NCGS experienced the highest amount of gut symptoms and received more energy from fat and less from carbohydrates than healthy and CeD subjects. Oat consumption resulted in reaching the lower limit of the recommended fiber intake. Frequent consumption of gluten-free pure oats did not result in microbiota dysbiosis in subjects with CeD or NCGS. Thus, the high number of gut symptoms in NCGS subjects was not linked to the microbiota. The proportion of fecal acetate was higher in healthy when compared to NCGS subjects, which may be linked to a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group compared to NCGS and CeD subjects. Propionate, butyrate and ammonia production and β-glucuronidase activity were comparable among the study groups. The results suggest that pure oats have great potential as the basis of a gluten-free diet and warrant further studies in minor microbiota disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Perceived Intestinal Well-Being and Compositions of Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Oat-Using Subjects with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast, the factors associated with new wheat sensitivity were younger age, female sex, and having FD. All together, these data suggest that IBS was strongly associated with baseline (2015), while FD was associated with incident (2018) self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity [11].…”

Section: Symptoms Of Dgbi In Patients With Ncgsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although a correct estimate of the prevalence of NCGS could be achieved only with the application of double-blind controlled studies, this would be unfeasible on a large scale. With these limitations in mind, and based on self-reported data only, the prevalence of NCGS has been claimed to range between 0.5% and 15% [2,4,5,[9][10][11]55]. The prevalence of NCGS is higher in the third to fourth decade of life and generally higher in women than in men [2,4], although, based on a single study, in children, the prevalence of NCGS was higher in males than in females [56].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Context of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

et al. 2020

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Gluten-free diets are increasingly chosen in the Western world, even in the absence of a diagnosis of celiac disease. Around 10% of people worldwide self-report gluten-related complaints, including intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. In most cases, these subjects would be labeled as patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who place themselves on a gluten-free diet even in the absence of celiac disease. In some instances, patients report a clear benefit by avoiding gluten from their diet and/or symptom worsening upon gluten reintroduction. This clinical entity has been termed non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The symptoms referred by these patients are both intestinal and extra-intestinal, suggesting that similarly to functional gastrointestinal disorders, NCGS is a disorder of gut–brain interaction. It remains unclear if gluten is the only wheat component involved in NCGS. The mechanisms underlying symptom generation in NCGS remain to be fully clarified, although in the past few years, the research has significantly moved forward with new data linking NCGS to changes in gut motility, permeability and innate immunity. The diagnosis is largely based on the self-reported reaction to gluten by the patient, as there are no available biomarkers, and confirmatory double-blind challenge protocols are unfeasible in daily clinical practice. Some studies suggest that a small proportion of patients with IBS have an intolerance to gluten. However, the benefits of gluten-free or low-gluten diets in non-celiac disease-related conditions are limited, and the long-term consequences of this practice may include nutritional and gut microbiota unbalance. Here, we summarize the role of gluten in the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of NCGS and disorders of gut–brain interaction.

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“…As reported in this issue of the MJA , Potter and his colleagues examined the incidence of self‐reported NCGS, its resolution, and the association of each with functional gastrointestinal diagnoses in a general population sample of adults responding to two successive Digestive Health and Wellbeing postal surveys. About the same proportion of people reported NCGS in 2015 and 2018; 41% of those who reported NCGS in 2015 did not report it in the 2018 follow‐up survey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The gluten‐free diet: an historical perspective and its use by people without coeliac disease

Cartee

Murray

2020

Medical Journal of Australia

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Incidence and prevalence of self‐reported non‐coeliac wheat sensitivity and gluten avoidance in Australia

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Diet, Perceived Intestinal Well-Being and Compositions of Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Oat-Using Subjects with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

Diet, Perceived Intestinal Well-Being and Compositions of Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Oat-Using Subjects with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Context of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

The gluten‐free diet: an historical perspective and its use by people without coeliac disease

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