Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort

Abstract

Objective-To describe the incidence and prognosis of wheezing illness from birth to age 33 and the relation of incidence to perinatal, medical, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors.Design-Prospective longitudinal study. Setting-England, Scotland, and Wales. Subjects-18 559 people born on 3-9 March 1958. 5801 (31%) contributed information at ages 7,11,16,23, and 33 years. Attrition bias was evaluated using information on 14 571 (79%) subjects.Main outcome measure-History of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing obtained fiom interview with subjects' parents at ages 7, 11, and 16 and reported at interview by subjects at ages 23 and 33.Results-The cumulative incidence of wheezing illness was 18% by age 7, 24% by age 16, and 43% by age 33. Incidence during childhood was strongly and independently associated with pneumonia, hay fever, and eczema. There were weaker independent associations with male sex, third trimester antepartum haemorrhage, whooping cough, recurrent abdominal pain, and migraine. Incidence from age 17 to 33 was associated strongly with active cigarette smoking and a history of hay fever. There were weaker independent associations with female sex, maternal albuminuria during pregnancy, and histories of eczema and migraine. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was weakly and inconsistently related to childhood wheezing but was a stronger and significant independent predictor of incidence after age 16. Among 880 subjects who developed asthma or wheezy bronchitis from birth to age 7, 50% had attacks in the previous year at age 7; 18% at 11, 10% at 16, 10% at 23, and 27% at 33. Relapse at 33 after prolonged remission of childhood wheezing was more common among current smokers and atopic subjects.Conclusion-Atopy and active cigarette smoking are major influences on the incidence and recurrence of wheezing during adulthood.

Similar prevalence of respiratory symptoms and atopy in Estonian schoolchildren with changing lifestyle over 4 yrs

“…Atopic manifestations in children are strongly associated with wheezing illnesses in industrialized countries with a market economy [18,19]. A strong correlation between recurrent wheeze and sensitization has been reported in some [20], but not all studies [21,22].…”

Unchanged asthma prevalence during 1990–1999 in rural Alaska Native

“…Similar increases in the incidence and prevalence of asthma have been reported worldwide, with some reports indicating a doubling of asthma hospitalization rates (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Distribuição da gravidade da asma na infância

“…18,19 Another possible explanation is a change in wheezing perception, which may occur in milder asthma, 20 or cases of atypical asthma, such as the cough variant, which constitutes a subgroup of asthmatic patients who do not present with wheezing. 21,22 Approximately 22.4% of children with asthma reported wheezing on exertion in the second survey, most of whom (94.4%) were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe persistent asthma.…”